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Table 5 Determinants of CHE based on OOP as percent of total monthly non-food expenditure

From: Porous safety net: catastrophic health expenditure and its determinants among insured households in Togo

Variables

Odds ratio (robust std. error)

10%

20%

30%

40%

Age of household head (15–49 years reference)

 50–59

0.52(0.53)

0.37(0.46)

−0.32(0.59)

−0.83(0.95)

 60 – and above

−0.74(0.92)

−0.17(0.99)

− 0.24(1.02)

−0.15(1.30)

 Household size

0.26(0.10)a

0.16(0.13)

0.32(0.22)

− 0.01(0.14)

Income group (1 = lowest reference)

 2.

0.26(0.45)

0.24(0.53)

1.27(0.77)a

0.17(0.88)

 3.

0.52(0.44)

0.35(0.54)

1.32(0.72)a

0.77(0.81)

 4.

−0.11(0.45)

0.48(0.52)

−0.23(0.73)

− 0.34(0.89)

 5. higher

−0.31(0.53)

− 0.54(0.52)

− 0.35(0.65)

− 0.09(0.73)

A family member was hospitalized the last 12 months preceding survey

 1. Yes

0.84(0.35)b

1.53(0.38)a

2.10(0.44)a

2.96(0.62)a

Distance to health facility

 1.Yes

0.69(0.40)c

−0.24(0.37)

0.12(0.46)

0.66(0.65)

Having a family member with a chronic illness

 1. Yes

0.13(0.33)

0.71(0.32)b

0.46(0.38)

0.68(0.52)a

Type of health facility used (traditional healers = reference)

 Referral hospitals

2.14(0.39)c

1.44(0.43)c

1.21(0.50)b

1.34(0.71)a

 Dispensaries

0.93(0.41)b

−0.56(0.73)

−0.73(1.02)

− 0.87(1.47)

 District hospitals

1.96(0.33)c

1.43(0.42)c

1.00(0.54)a

1.88(0.65)c

 Private health facility

1.92(0.35)c

1.04(044)b

0.22(0.64)

0.71(0.79)

 Pseudo R2

0.1021

0.1457

0.2031

0.2853

 H-L goodness-of-fit test

0.1970

0.0961

0.1176

0.2203

  1. asignificant at 1%; bsignificant at 5%; csignificant at 10%; H-L: Hosmer-Lemeshow