From: Comparing public and private providers: a scoping review of hospital services in Europe
 | Study and sample characteristics | Methods and control variables | Difference between ownership type (better is indicated)a | ||||||||
Country | Years | Sample size | Main focus | Patient heterogeneity | Hospital characteristics | Market or environmental characteristicsb | Quality of care | PB vs. PFP | PB vs. PNFP | PFP vs. PNFP | |
Caballer-Tarazona et al. [17] | Spain | 2009–2010 | 29 hospitals | DEAc - Efficiency | X | X |  |  | n.s. |  |  |
Bonastre et al. [14] | France | 2007–2008 | 448 hospitals | The use of expensive anticancer drug |  | X |  |  | n.s | – | – |
Czypionka et al. [19] | Austria | 2010 | 128 hospitals | DEA – technical efficiency | X | X | X |  | – | PNFP | – |
Siciliani et al. [45] | England | 2006–2007 | 193 hospitals or clinics | Length of stay | X | X | X |  | PFPd |  |  |
Augurzky et al. [4] | Germany | 2001–2005 | 331 hospitals | Probability of default |  | X | X |  | PFP | PNFP | PNFP |
Kondilis et al. [37] | Greece | 2001–2003 | 320–330 hospitals | The operation and performance: 1) nurse staffing rates 2) ALoS 3) SHIe payments for hospital care per patient discharged. |  | X |  |  | PBperf,f PBpayments,g | – | – |
Herr et al. [31] | Germany | 2002–2006 | 541 hospitals or small chains | SFAh- Technical, cost and profit efficiency | X | X | X | x | n.s tech n.s cost PFPprofit | n.s. tech n.s. cost PNFPprofit | – |
Schwierz [49] | Germany | 1996–2006 | 16,356,428 patient admissions to 1817 hospitals (2006) and 14,921,393 patient admissions to 2040 hospitals (1996) | Responsiveness to changes in demand for hospital services | X |  | x |  | PFP | n.s. | FP |
Berta et al. [12] | Italy | 1998–2007 | The full population of patients and hospitals operating in Lombardy, c. 20,000,000 admissions | DEA - Technical efficiency | X | X |  |  | PB | n.s. | NP |
Kontodimo-poulos et al. [39] | Greece | 2004 | 124 dialysis facilities | DEA – technical efficiency |  | X | X |  | n.s. |  |  |
Daidone and D’Amico [20] | Italy | 2000–2005 | 108 hospitals | SFA - Technical and cost efficiency | X | X | X |  | PB | PB | PNFP |
Tiemann et al. [51] | Germany | 2002–2006 | 1046 | DEA – Technical efficiency | X | X | X | X | PB | PB | n.s. |
Herr [30] | Germany | 2000–2003 | 1556–1635 hospitals | SFA - cost and technical efficiency | X | X |  | X | PB | PB | PNFP |
Farsi and Filippini [25] | Switzerland | 1998–2003 | 148 hospitals | SFA - cost efficiency (ownership and different subsidy types) |  | X |  |  | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Farsi [24] | Switzerland | 1998–2002 | 214 hospitals | SFA - cost efficiency (ownership and different subsidy types) |  | X |  |  | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Berry et al. [11] | Germany | 2002–2003 | 89 hospitals | Operating room productivity |  | X | X |  | n.s |  |  |
Barbetta et al. [6] | Italy | 1995–2000 | 531 hospitals | DEA, SFA, COLSi - technical efficiency in two periods: 1995–1997 before DRGj payment system introduction 1998–2000 after DRG payment system introduction |  | X |  |  |  | NP1995–1997 n.s.1998–2000 |  |