Table 2 Quality of Included Randomized Controlled Trials (low, high, unclear)
Source | Selection bias | Performance bias (blinding of participants and staff) | Detection bias (blinding of outcome assessment) | Attrition bias (incomplete outcome data) | Reporting bias (selective reporting) | Other bias (important concerns) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aspy et al., 2008 [25] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Bertoni et al. 2009 [26] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Clyne et al., 2015 [30] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Dickinson et al., 2014 [18] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Differences in baseline data |
Dignan et al., 2014 [28] | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | FS and DCBE rates not reported |
Engels et al., 2006 [19] | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Unblinded outcome assessment |
Feldstein et al., 2006 [29] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Differences in baseline data |
Hennesy et al., 2006 [31] | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Hogg et al., 2008 [36] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Lowrie et al., 2014 [22] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Differences in baseline data |
Magrini et al., 2014 [23] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | None |
Mold et al., 2008 [17] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Differences inbaseline data |
Mold et al., 2014 [32] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Naughton et al., [21] | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Ornstein et al., 2010 [33] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Ornstein et al., 2013 [34] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Practice selection |
Parchman et al., 2013 [20] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Practice selection |
Rognstad et al., 2013 [24] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Control group bias |
Sheffer et al., 2012 [27] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | No cessation data |
Smidth et al., 2013 [35] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | None |
Varonen et al., 2007 [13] | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Delays in |