Table 5 Direct healthcare and indirect annual costs per MS patient (in EUR) according to disability level
From: Impact on healthcare resource utilization of multiple sclerosis in Spain
| EDSS 0–3.5 | EDSS 4.0–9.5 | Total | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 152 | N = 70 | N = 222 | ||
| Unadjusted costs | ||||
| Annual cost (€) per patient, mean (SD) | ||||
| Direct healthcare costs | 9331.7 (5504.5) | 11,112.2 (6649.9) | 9893.2 (5932.7) | 0.037 |
| Primary care | 8614.7 (5199.4) | 8887.5 (6178.4) | 8700.7 (5514.1) | 0.733 |
| Medical visits | 197.0 (132.9) | 285.6 (131.6) | 224.9 (138.5) | <0.001 |
| Lab tests | 61.3 (59.0) | 83.5 (59.6) | 68.3 (60.0) | 0.010 |
| Conventional radiology | 34.6 (45.6) | 59.7 (48.0) | 42.5 (47.8) | <0.001 |
| Supplementary tests | 75.3 (110.5) | 158.2 (181.4) | 101.5 (141.8) | <0.001 |
| Medication | 272.8 (173.4) | 417.6 (193.1) | 318.5 (191.6) | <0.001 |
| MS-specific drugs | 7973.7 (5196.7) | 7882.9 (6186.7) | 7945.0 (5514.0) | 0.910 |
| Specialised care | 717.0 (1361.2) | 2224.7 (2342.7) | 1192.5 (1863.5) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalisations | 418.0 (1211.5) | 1792.5 (2147.8) | 851.4 (1689.0) | <0.001 |
| Medical visits | 156.8 (102.4) | 200.6 (134.0) | 170.6 (114.8) | 0.008 |
| Emergency room visits | 142.3 (156.9) | 231.7 (180.1) | 170.5 (169.4) | <0.001 |
| Indirect costsa | 12,775.0 (13,768.9) | 20,495.4 (12,862.0) | 15,209.4 (13,932.3) | <0.001 |
| Total costs | 22,106.8 (15,313.8) | 31,607.6 (14,435.0) | 25,102.5 (15,648.1) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted costsb | Difference between unadjusted and adjusted costs | |||
| Annual cost (€) per patient, mean (95% CI) | ||||
| Direct Healthcare costs | 9124 (8100, 10,147) | 11,476 (9988, 12,963) | 2352 | 0.015 |
| Primary care | 8331 (7364, 9296) | 9477 (8072, 10,881) | 1146 | 0.205 |
| Specialised care | 793 (499, 1087) | 1999 (1571, 2426) | 1206 | <0.001 |
| Indirect costs (productivity) | 14,033 (11,715, 16,351) | 17,766 (14,395, 21,136) | 3733 | 0.049 |
| Total costs | 23,157 (20,561, 25,753) | 29,242 (25,467, 33,016) | 6085 | 0.013 |
