Table 4 Parameters for direct cost of cancer treatment per stage
Cluster | Study | Is over-diagnosis assessed? | Lifetime risk in normal risk | Relative risk (risk factor) | Initial treatment cost per stage in USD | Utility loss per stage (%) | End of life cost in USD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In situ | Early invasive | Meta-static | In situ | Invasive | Meta-static | Other causes of death | Early invasive | Metastatic | |||||
Screening in general population | [12] | Yes | 12.35%a | 0.49–1.97 (BD) 0.9–1.5 (FH) 0.9–1.5 (Biop) | $8088 | Local: $10,650; regional: $20,101 | $31,096 | 10% | Local: 15%; regional: 25% | 25% | Not used | Local: $28,824 Regional: $34,119 | US $47,776 |
[16] | Not mentioned | 12.35%a | 1–4.35 (BD) | $12,660 | Local: $12,660; regional: 23,934 | $36,964 | 10% | Local: 10%; regional: 25% | 40% | Not used | Local: $34,265 Regional: $40,558 | US $56,888 | |
[14] | Not mentioned | 12.35%a | 0.49–2.00 (BD) | $13,042 | Local: $13,042; regional: $13,042 | $28,239 | 10% | Local: 10%; regional: 25% | 40% | Not used | Local: $ 35,300 Regional: $41,784 | US $58,607 | |
[17] | Yes | 12.35%a | 1–4 | $13,696 | Local: $13,696; regional: $25,894 | $39,991 | 10% | Local: 10%; regional: 25% | 40% | Not used | Local: $ 35,070 Regional: $ 43,879 | US $61,545 | |
[15] | Not mentioned | 12.35%a | 0.66–1.5 (BD) | $11,972 | Local: $15,239; regional: $17,260 | $ 0c | 10% | Local: 10%; regional 25% | 40% | Not used | Local: $16,939 Regional: $23,003 | US $21,089 | |
[13] | Yes | 5.8% by 75 years | 0.49–1.97 (BD) 0.9–1.5 (FH) 0.9–1.5 (Biop) | Not included | Stage 1: $14,763; Stage 2: $21,665: Stage 3: $25,686 | $42,115 | Not included | Local: 10%; regional: 25% | 25% | Not used | They included end of life cost in the treatment of metastatic cancers | ||
Screening in high risk population | [19] | Not mentioned | 13% | Above 25% lifetime risk | Not included | Local: $12,661; regional: $23,937 | $39,970 | Not included | 13–26% | n.a. | Not used | Local: $34,269 Regional: $40,564 | US $56,896 |
[22] | Not mentioned | 65% by 70 years (BRCA) | US $8821 | Local: $11,360; regional: $21,985 | $15,162 | 10% | Local: 10%; regional: 25% | 40% | $42,222 | Local: $36,470 Regional: $38,326 | $43,705 | ||
[21] | Not mentioned | >15% (HIGH) | Not included | Local therapy: $11,160 | b $ 22,164 | Not included | Breast cancer: 5% Node positive: 20% False neg. Node pos.: 34% | ||||||
[23] | Not mentioned | 41% by 50 years (BRCA1) | Not included | Without stages: $7508 | Not included | Without stages: $7508 | Not included | ||||||
[24] | Not mentioned | 65% by 70 years (BRCA) | US $20,585 | Local: $35,073; regional: $58,165 | $45,502 | 10% | Local: 10%; regional: 25% | 40% | Not used | Local: US31,530 Regional: $31,530 | $37,865 | ||
[25] | Not mentioned | 42.7% by 65 years (BRCA) | US $2481 | Local: $7919; regional: $17,091 | $11,324 | 3.5% | Local: 14%; regional: 32.5% | 62% | Not used | Local: $19,329 Regional: 19,329 | $19,329 | ||
[20] | Not mentioned | 26.6% from 50 to 79 years (BIRAD) | US $3116 | Stage 1: $4145; stage 2: $6748; stage 3: $8274 | $16,443 | 3.5% | Stage 1: 9%; Stage 2: 25%; Stage 3: 49% | 55% | Not used | Not used / included in overall treatment cost | |||
[26] | Yes | 45–65% by 70 years (BRCA) | Not included | n.a. | $34,619 | Not included | 17% | 41% | Not used | ||||
[27] | Not mentioned | 20% | 40% (BRCA) | $24,429 | Local: $24,429; regional: $45,000 | $34,619 | n.a. | 17% | 41% | Not used | |||
Screening after risk assessment | [31] | Not mentioned | 12.35%a | 1.07–1.26 (7SNP) | $7734; | Stage 1: $13,889; Stage 2: $23,183; Stage 3: $18,449 | $41,387 | 0% | Local: 10%; regional: 25% | 40% | Not used | Stage 1: $40,229 Stage 2: $45,683 Stage 3: $51,733 | $66,429 |
[29] | Not mentioned | 13% | 4.08 (BRCA) | Not included | Without stages: $19,533 | Not included | 29% | 35% | Not used | Terminal cancer care: $18,579 | |||
[28] | Not mentioned | 12.35%a | 3.0 (atypia) | $9271 | Local: $13,809 | $14,276 | 13% | 32% | 62% | Not used | |||