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Table 2 Bi-Variate and multi-variate association between any payment reduction and facility and neighborhood Co-Variates

From: Early winners and losers in dialysis center pay-for-performance

Outcome: Any Payment Reduction vs. None

Bivariate

Multi-variate

Co-Variates

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Facility level characteristics

Chain Type

 Other Chain

Referent

Referent

 Chain 1

0.78a [0.66, 0.92]

0.77a [0.65, 0.91]

 Chain 2

0.84a [0.71, 1.00]

0.74a [0.62, 0.88]

 Independent

1.01 [0.85, 1.21]

0.94 [0.78, 1.13]

Total # Stations (per station)

 Low (0–13)

Referent

Referent

 Medium (14–20)

1.41a [1.21, 1.65]

1.30a [1.11, 1.53]

 High (21–80)

1.81a [1.54, 2.12]

1.42a [1.20, 1.69]

 Length of Operation (per year)

1.04a [1.03, 1.04]

1.03a [1.03, 1.04]

Neighborhood Level Characteristics

Percent African-American

 Quartile 1 ≤ 8.6%

Referent

Referent

 Quartile 2 8.6%–15.7%

1.07 [0.90, 1.28]

1.01 [0.84, 1.21]

 Quartile 3 15.7% -25%

1.29a [1.08, 1.55]

1.15 [0.96, 1.39]

 Quartile 4 > 25%

1.52a [1.26, 1.83]

1.25a [1.02, 1.54]

Percent Below Federal Poverty Level

 Quartile 1 ≤ 1.7%

Referent

Referent

 Quartile 2 1.7% - 7.2%

1.16 [0.98, 1.39]

1.08 [0.90, 1.29]

 Quartile 3 7.2% - 24.9%

1.18a [0.99, 1.41]

1.06 [0.88, 1.28]

 Quartile 4 > 24.7%

1.42a [1.19, 1.70]

1.15 [0.95, 1.39]

  1. a p < 0.05. Multivariable model includes profit status, number of stations by tertile, length of operation, and both percent African American and percent below Federal Poverty Level by facility neighborhood by quartile. Confidence intervals are at the 95% significance level