Table 2 Descriptive statistics, mean differences and effect sizes of outcome variables (N = 440)
From: Health-care utilization of patients with chronic back pain before and after rehabilitation
| Â | Before rehabilitation | After rehabilitation | Mean differences | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At least 1 consultation (%) | Range | M (SD) | At least 1 consultation (%) | Range | M (SD) | T | Effect size (Cohens’d) | |
Index health-care utilization | 99.7 | 0–151 | 23.24 (16.75) | 93.9 | 0–146 | 19.41 (19.27) | 3.806*** | .21 |
General practitioners | 94.6 | 0–120 | 5.22 (6.59) | 85.9 | 0–48 | 3.76 (4.68) | 4.276*** | .24 |
Specialists | 93.0 | 0–48 | 5.32 (5.48) | 84.4 | 0–35 | 3.53 (4.51) | 4.264*** | .34 |
Admission to hospital | 30.2 | 0–9 | 0.41 (0.82) | 18.6 | 0–15 | 0.22 (0.87) | 2.758** | .22 |
Physiotherapy | 67.0 | 0–90 | 8.29 (0.16) | 49.2 | 0–60 | 7.89 (0.26) | 0.293 | .22 |
Massage | 45.9 | 0–50 | 4.08 (9.56) | 34.8 | 0–60 | 3.24 (11.01) | 2.675** | .04 |
Psychotherapy | 16.3 | 0–48 | 1.01 (6.14) | 17.8 | 0–25 | 0.99 (6.23) | 0.288 | .14 |
Complementary therapist | 17.3 | 0–20 | 0.94 (3.539) | 15.2 | 0–15 | 0.65 (3.08) | 2.144* | .01 |