Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of service satisfaction in urban and rural Ghana
From: Urban-rural difference in satisfaction with primary healthcare services in Ghana
Factors | Urban | Rural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio | p-value (95% CI) | Odds ratio | p-value (95% CI) | |
Region | ||||
 Western (ref.) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Central | 1.04 | 0.852(0.66–1.65) | 0.49 | 0.004(0.30–0.80)* |
 Greater Accra | 1.64 | 0.017(1.09–2.47)* | 1.07 | 0.869(0.46–2.52) |
 Volta | 1.05 | 0.858(0.64–1.71) | 0.19 | 0.000(0.12–0.31)* |
 Eastern | 0.75 | 0.201(0.48–1.17) | 0.31 | 0.000(0.19–0.50)* |
 Ashanti | 1.06 | 0.773(0.71–1.60) | 0.54 | 0.017(0.32–0.89)* |
 Brong Ahafo | 0.87 | 0.520(0.56–1.33) | 0.38 | 0.000(0.24–0.61)* |
 Northern | 0.56 | 0.021(0.34–0.92)* | 0.25 | 0.000(0.15–0.41)* |
 Upper East | 1.75 | 0.023(1.08–2.84)* | 0.82 | 0.455(0.49–1.37) |
 Upper West | 0.62 | 0.067(0.37–1.03) | 0.39 | 0.000(0.24–0.65)* |
Educational attainment | ||||
 No formal education(ref.) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Primary | 1.29 | 0.177 (0.89–1.88) | 1.09 | 0.570 (0.81–1.46) |
 Secondary | 0.91 | 0.559 (0.67–1.24) | 0.99 | 0.933 (0.76–1.28) |
 Higher | 1.12 | 0.599 (0.74–1.69) | 0.74 | 0.427 (0.36–1.55) |
Wealth index | ||||
 Poorest (ref.) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Poorer | 0.89 | 0.678 (0.53–1.52) | 0.88 | 0.384 (0.67–1.17) |
 Middle | 1.14 | 0.575 (0.72–1.80) | 1.00 | 0.991 (0.71–1.42) |
 Richer | 0.89 | 0.632 (0.56–1.41) | 1.38 | 0.204 (0.84–2.29) |
 Richest | 0.82 | 0.430 (0.51–1.34) | 1.22 | 0.820 (0.22–6.87) |
Type of facility | ||||
 Public/government (ref.) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Private | 1.99 | 0.000 (1.56–2.53)* | 1.42 | 0.080 (0.96–2.09) |