Table 5 Mean scores and standard deviations for T-TPQ items and dimensions
Teamwork dimensions and items | Items Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (SD) | ||
Team Structure | 3.96 | (0.49) | |
1. | The skills of staff overlap sufficiently so that work can be shared when necessary | 3.85 | (0.80) |
2. | Staff are held accountable for their actions. | 3.88 | (0.76) |
3. | Staff within my unit share information that enables timely decision making by the direct patient care team. | 4.02 | (0.64) |
4. | Staff within my unit share information that enables timely decision making by the direct patient care team. | 3.72 | (0.79) |
5. | Staff understand their roles and responsibilities. | 4.16 | (0.61) |
6. | My unit has clearly articulated goals. | 4.01 | (0.84) |
7. | My unit operates at a high level of efficiency. | 4.04 | (0.69) |
Leadership | 3.81 | (0.62) | |
8. | My supervisor/manager considers staff input when making decisions about patient care. | 3.99 | (0.68) |
9. | My supervisor/manager provides opportunities to discuss the unit’s performance after an event. | 4.03 | (0.83) |
10. | My supervisor/manager takes time to meet with staff to develop a plan for patient care. | 3.68 | (0.88) |
11. | My supervisor/manager ensures that adequate resources (e.g., staff, supplies, equipment, information) are available. | 3,66 | (0.89) |
12. | My supervisor/manager resolves conflicts successfully. | 3.71 | (1.00) |
13. | My supervisor/manager models appropriate team behavior. | 3.72 | (1.01) |
14. | My supervisor/manager ensures that staff are aware of any situations or changes that may affect patient care. | 3.87 | (0.68) |
Situation Monitoring | 3.93 | (0.47) | |
15. | Staff effectively anticipate each other’s needs | 3.65 | (0.70) |
16. | Staff monitor each other’s performance. | 3.59 | (0.76) |
17. | Staff exchange relevant information as it becomes available. | 4.04 | (0.66) |
18. | Staff continuously scan the environment for important information | 4.03 | (0.67) |
19. | Staff share information regarding potential complications (e.g., patient changes, bed availability). | 4.29 | (0.56) |
20. | Staff meets to reevaluate patient care goals when aspects of the situation have changed. | 4.05 | (0.60) |
21. | Staff correct each other’s mistakes to ensure that procedures are followed properly. | 3.86 | (0.72) |
Mutual Support | 3.92 | (0.52) | |
22. | Staff assist fellow staff during high workload. | 4.24 | (0.60) |
23. | Staff request assistance from fellow staff when they feel overwhelmed. | 4.14 | (0.64) |
24. | Staff caution each other about potentially dangerous situations. | 4.16 | (0.61) |
25. | Feedback between staff is delivered in a way that promotes positive interactions and future change. | 3.86 | (0.75) |
26. | Staff advocate for patients even when their opinion conflicts with that of a senior member of the unit. | 3.81 | (0.87) |
27. | When staff have a concern about patient safety, they challenge others until they are sure the concern has been heard. | 3.95 | (0.71) |
28. | Staff resolve their conflicts, even when the conflicts have become personal. | 3.32 | (0.84) |
Communication | 3.91 | (0.49) | |
29. | Information regarding patient care is explained to patients and their families in lay term. | 3.95 | (0.60) |
30. | Staff relay relevant information in a timely manner. | 3.92 | (0.70) |
31. | When communicating with patients, staff allow enough time for questions | 3.66 | (0.89) |
32. | Staff use common terminology when communicating with each other. | 3.98 | (0.63) |
33. | Staff verbally verify information that they receive from one another. | 3.85 | (0.68) |
34. | Staff follow a standardized method of sharing information when handing off patients. | 3.88 | (0.85) |
35. | Staff seek information from all available sources. | 4.10 | (0.68) |