Table 2 Demographics and baseline characteristics

Age (± sd)

56.3 (± 13.6)

55.7 (± 13.6)

.61

4.2

56.0 (± 14.1)

56.0 (± 13.7)

0.3

Charlson Comorbidity Index (± sd)

2.8 (± 2.3)

2.4 (± 1.9)

.033*

17.9^a

2.7 (± 2.1)

2.7 (± 2.0)

−1.5

Female

104 (44.4%)

206 (48.8%)

.32

−8.8

85 (43.4%)

91 (46.4%)

−6.2

Homeless

12 (5.1%)

23 (5.5%)

.99

−1.4

11 (5.6%)

9 (4.6%)

4.6

 Black/African American

103 (44.0%)

259 (61.4%)

<.001***

−35.3^a

98 (50.0%)

106 (54.1%)

−8.2

 Hispanic/Latino

105 (44.9%)

66 (15.6%)

67.1^a

73 (37.2%)

64 (32.7%)

9.6

 White

19 (8.1%)

66 (15.6%)

−23.4^a

19 (9.7%)

19 (9.7%)

0.0

 Other

7 (3.0%)

31 (7.3%)

−19.8^a

6 (3.1%)

7 (3.6%)

−2.8

 Did not attend school

19 (8.1%)

15 (3.6%)

.012*

19.6^a

17 (8.7%)

13 (6.6%)

7.7

 8th grade or less

23 (9.8%)

21 (5.0%)

18.6^a

15 (7.7%)

12 (6.1%)

6.0

 Some high school

68 (29.1%)

122 (28.9%)

0.3

52 (26.5%)

59 (30.1%)

−7.9

 High school or GED

81 (34.6%)

158 (37.4%)

−5.9

73 (37.2%)

73 (37.2%)

0.0

 Some college/Voc./Tech.

17 (7.3%)

38 (9.0%)

−6.4

15 (7.7%)

16 (8.2%)

−1.9

 College/Postgraduate

13 (5.6%)

44 (10.4%)

−18.0^a

12 (6.1%)

12 (6.1%)

0.0

 Other

13 (5.6%)

24 (5.7%)

−0.6

12 (6.1%)

11 (5.6%)

2.2

 Full-time

19 (8.1%)

70 (16.6%)

.023*

−26.0^a

18 (9.2%)

20 (10.2%)

−3.4

 Part-time

7 (3.0%)

23 (5.5%)

−12.3^a

6 (3.1%)

9 (4.6%)

−8.0

 Unemployed

101 (43.2%)

150 (35.5%)

15.6^a

83 (42.3%)

79 (40.3%)

4.1

 Disabled

55 (23.5%)

93 (22.0%)

3.5

43 (21.9%)

48 (24.5%)

−6.0

 Retired

36 (15.4%)

55 (13.0%)

6.7

31 (15.8%)

27 (13.8%)

5.8

 Other

16 (6.8%)

31 (7.3%)

−2.0

15 (7.7%)

13 (6.6%)

4.0

 Commercial/Private

24 (10.3%)

72 (17.1%)

.18

−19.9^a

22 (11.2%)

18 (9.2%)

6.7

 Medicaid

103 (44.0%)

171 (40.5%)

7.1

84 (42.9%)

89 (45.4%)

−5.1

 Medicare

84 (35.9%)

140 (33.2%)

5.7

70 (35.7%)

72 (36.7%)

−2.1

 Charity

16 (6.8%)

23 (5.5%)

5.8

13 (6.6%)

11 (5.6%)

4.3

 Other

7 (3.0%)

16 (3.8%)

−4.4

7 (3.6%)

6 (3.1%)

2.8

 Single

120 (51.3%)

231 (54.7%)

.81

−6.9

103 (52.6%)

102 (52.0%)

1.0

 Married

65 (27.8%)

113 (26.8%)

2.2

50 (25.5%)

58 (29.6%)

−9.1

 Separated

18 (7.7%)

24 (5.7%)

8.0

14 (7.1%)

12 (6.1%)

4.1

 Divorced

19 (8.1%)

36 (8.5%)

−1.5

17 (8.7%)

16 (8.2%)

1.8

 Widowed

12 (5.1%)

18 (4.3%)

4.1

12 (6.1%)

8 (4.1%)

9.3

 A1C (%)

9.6 (± 1.9)

9.6 (± 2.0)

.98

−0.2

9.7 (± 2.0)

9.6 (± 2.1)

2.7

 LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

99.5 (± 32.8)

103.2 (± 33.6)

.21

−11.0^a

100.3 (± 33.9)

99.8 (± 34.0)

1.5

 Triglycerides (mg/dl)

182.1 (± 144.8)

174.5 (± 153.5)

.56

5.1

179.3 (± 149.4)

172.9 (± 108.4)

4.9

 Urine microalbumin (mg)

217.4 (± 520.4)

135.5 (± 396.5)

.045*

17.7^a

161.3 (± 378.6)

179.2 (± 513.9)

−4.0

 Appointments (per year)

3.9 (± 3.6)

3.1 (± 3.6)

.004**

23.5^a

3.6 (± 3.5)

3.7 (± 4.2)

−4.4

 Clinic visits (per year)

17.0 (± 13.5)

13.4 (± 12.8)

<.001***

26.9^a

15.8 (± 12.6)

15.7 (± 14.1)

0.1

 ER visits (per year)

1.0 (± 1.6)

0.9 (± 1.6)

.67

3.5

1.1 (± 1.8)

0.9 (± 1.6)

8.1

 Inpatient stays (per year)

0.5 (± 0.9)

0.5 (± 1.0)

.67

3.4

0.4 (± 0.8)

0.5 (± 0.8)

−4.5

 Arrival (%)

50.7 (± 25.6)

42.7 (± 30.2)

.002**

28.4^a

48.5 (± 26.6)

47.9 (± 29.9)

2.5

 Cancellation (%)

19.7 (± 20.1)

18.7 (± 20.6)

.60

5.0

20.0 (± 20.5)

19.8 (± 22.2)

0.7

 No-show (%)

29.7 (± 25.9)

38.6 (± 33.6)

.001**

−29.9^a

31.5 (± 27.4)

32.3 (± 32.1)

−2.8