Table 5 Matching and regression estimates of the effect of private health insurance on general practitioner and specialist visits
From: Effect of having private health insurance on the use of health care services: the case of Spain
2001 | Visits to general practitioner | Visits to specialists | ||||||
ATE 1 | Std. Err. | Z | P > |z| | ATE 1 | Std. Err. | t | P > |z | |
m = 1 | −0.2779 | 0.2279 | −1.22 | 0.223 | 0.7933 | 0.2070 | 3.83 | 0.000 |
m = 4 | −0.3132 | 0.1668 | −1.88 | 0.060 | 0.7710 | 0.1569 | 4.91 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and bias-adjustment | −0.3207 | 0.1668 | −1.92 | 0.055 | 0.7738 | 0.1569 | 4.93 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and allowing for heterokedasticity | −0.3207 | 0.1618 | −1.98 | 0.048 | 0.7738 | 0.1696 | 4.56 | 0.000 |
n | 9557 | 9558 | ||||||
2000 | Visits to general practitioner | Visits to specialists | ||||||
ATE 1 | Std. Err. | Z | P > |z| | ATE 1 | Std. Err. | t | P > |z | |
m = 1 | −0.1418 | 0.1977 | −0.72 | 0.473 | 0.6691 | 0.1597 | 4.19 | 0.000 |
m = 4 | −0.2907 | 0.1651 | −1.76 | 0.078 | 0.5844 | 0.1314 | 4.45 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and bias-adjustment | −0.2917 | 0.1650 | −1.77 | 0.077 | 0.5850 | 0.1314 | 4.45 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and allowing for heterokedasticity | −0.2917 | 0.1499 | −1.50 | 0.052 | 0.5850 | 0.1383 | 4.23 | 0.000 |
n | 9745 | |||||||
1999 | Visits to general practitioner | Visits to specialists | ||||||
ATE 1 | Std. Err. | Z | P > |z| | ATE 1 | Std. Err. | t | P > |z | |
m = 1 | −0.1235 | 0.2272 | −0.54 | 0.587 | 1.0283 | 0.1743 | 5.90 | 0.000 |
m = 4 | −0.1573 | 0.1795 | −0.88 | 0.381 | 0.9280 | 0.1418 | 6.55 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and bias-adjustment | −0.1685 | 0.1793 | −0.94 | 0.347 | 0.9274 | 0.1418 | 6.54 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and allowing for heterokedasticity | −0.1685 | 0.1821 | −0.93 | 0.355 | 0.9274 | 0.1294 | 7.17 | 0.000 |
n | 10,008 | 10,006 | ||||||
1998 | Visits to general practitioner | Visits to specialists | ||||||
ATE 1 | Std. Err. | Z | P > |z| | ATE 1 | Std. Err. | t | P > |z | |
m = 1 | −0.6379 | 0.2257 | −2.83 | 0.005 | 0.6900 | 0.1694 | 4.07 | 0.000 |
m = 4 | −0.5274 | 0.1794 | −2.94 | 0.003 | 0.7624 | 0.1367 | 5.58 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and bias-adjustment | −0.5398 | 0.1792 | −3.01 | 0.003 | 0.7633 | 0.1368 | 5.58 | 0.000 |
m = 4 and allowing for heterokedasticity | −0.5398 | 0.1794 | −3.01 | 0.003 | 0.7633 | 0.1224 | 6.24 | 0.000 |
n | 10,249 | 10,253 | ||||||