Tackling the hard problems: implementation experience and lessons learned in newborn health from the African Health Initiative

Table 6 Baseline country characteristics of factors related to neonatal mortality^a

	Tanzania^b	Zambia^c	Ghana^d	Mozambique^e	Rwanda^f
Total Fertility rate (number, 95% CI)	4.6 (4.4–4.8)	5.7 (5.4–5.9)	5.0 (4.7–5.3)	7.5 (6.1–8.9)	5.1 (4.8–5.4)
Contraceptive Prevalence (percent, 95% CI)	36.3 (33.9–38.8)	50.2 (48.2–52.3)	14.2 (12.9–15.5)	43.34 (36.0–51.0)	46.2 (42.5–49.9)
Antenatal Care 4+ Visits (percent, 95% CI)	42.9 (38.2–47.9)	50.2 (45.7–4.7)	85.7 (83.8–87.7)	Not available	27.4 (23.8–31.0)
At least 1 Antenatal Care Visit (percent, 95% CI)	98.9 (97.9–99.9)	92 (81.6–99.1)	93.9 (92.6–95.2)	93.6 (86.0–97)	98.3 (97.5–99.2)
Skilled Attendant at Birth (percent, 95% CI)	73.6 (69.4–77.7)	72 (32.5–83.1)	54.0 (51.2–56.9)	55.0 (52.2–58.3)	64.6 (60.4–68.8)
Postnatal Care for Mother (percent, 95% CI)	30.28 (25.9–34.7)	5.4 (3.3–8.3)	Not available	Not available	17.2 (13.3–21)
Neonatal Mortality (deaths/1000 live births, 95% CI)	23.6 (21.4–26.1)	24 (13.5–41.2)	16 (Not available)	30.4 (27.3, 33.8)	27.7 (16.6–38.9)

^aAll data come from the intervention area estimates in the AHI baseline metrics except for Zambia, which only reported non-intervention area estimates
^bTotal fertility and neonatal mortality from Ifakara and Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) (2007–2011) and contraceptive prevalence, antenatal care, skilled attendant at birth, and postnatal care indicators from baseline household survey (2009–2011)
^cData from 2013 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey except for antenatal care 4+ coverage and postnatal care for mother, which were extracted from 2012 program survey data
^dData from 2011 Program Baseline Household Survey
^eData from 2008 Multi-indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) except for neonatal mortality, which was based on combined analysis of 2011 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey and 2008 MICS
^fData from 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey

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