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Table 1 Cultural equivalency dimensions across cultural adaptation frameworks

From: Cultural adaptation of a pediatric functional assessment for rehabilitation outcomes research

Cultural adaptation frameworks

Equivalence type

Semantic

Idiomatic

Item

Conceptual

Measurement

Operational

Guillemin et al., [9]

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

Beaton et al., [10]

✓

✓

✓

✓

  

Sousa & Rojjanasriat, [14]

✓

 

✓

✓

✓

 

Stevelink & van Brakel, [11]

✓

 

✓

✓

✓

✓

  1. Semantic equivalence is the degree to which word meanings transfer across languages and cultures. Idiomatic equivalence is the degree to which idiomatic and colloquial expressions translate across languages and cultures. Item equivalence is the degree to which item traits or experiences are relevant and acceptable across cultures. Conceptual equivalence is the degree to which concepts within assessment items have the same meaning across cultures. Measurement equivalence is the degree to which the psychometric properties of the original and adapted versions are equivalent. Operational equivalence is the degree to which the measurement methods (e.g., format, mode of administration) are appropriate across cultures