Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Systematic reviews (eg. rapid reviews/evidence scans, meta-analyses)

Original studies, trials, non-systematic reviews (e.g., literature reviews)

Full text available

Abstract only; full text not available

Publication date: 1990 - current

Pre-1990

Available in English

Not available in English

Related to general, primary care

E-mail or video communication

Examined telephone-based triage and GP consultation or out-of-hours primary care models that included TTAS

Clinician to clinician communication Technical assessments

No specific population or demographic

Population/demographic specific Condition or disease specific, or specific to a particular medical specialty (e.g., diabetes)

Related only to health education, patient monitoring or case management