Skip to main content

Table 4 Predictors of delay in presentation of 158 new patients with OSSN, sub-divided into quartiles

From: Delay along the care-seeking journey of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya

Factor

0.4–3.2 months (N = 38)

3.3–7.0 months (N = 41)

7.1–15.6 months (N = 40)

15.7–190.5 months (N = 39)

Univariate ordered proportional OR (95% CI)

p- value

Adjusted ordered proportional OR (95% CI)

p- value

Distance from home (in 10 km units) to first health facility or study center, mean(SD)

7.1 (10.2)

6.3 (8.2)

4.3 (5.0)

6.6 (9.6)

0.99 (0.95–1.02)

0.53

 

Total cost of care (in 100Ksh units), mean (SD)

41.0 (6.0)

40.0 (5.0)

42.2 (15.9)

42.9 (8.4)

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

0.32

  

Care pathway followed, No (%)

     

<0.001

 

<0.001

 Direct

27 (30.7)

25 (28.4)

19 (21.6)

17 (19.3)

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF))

 

 1 facility visited

11 (19.6)

15 (26.8)

18 (32.1)

12 (21.4)

1.56 (0.85–2.83)

 

1.38 (0.75–2.54)

 

 2 or more facilities visited

0

1 (7.1)

3 (21.4)

10 (74.1)

12.93 (3.79–44.06)

 

13.03 (3.78–44.94)

 

Sex, No. (%)

       

0.01

 Male

18 (32.1)

18 (32.1)

12 (21.4)

8 (14.3)

1.00 (REF)

1.00 (REF)

 

 Female

20 (19.6)

23 (23.6)

28 (27.5)

31 (30.4)

2.29 (1.27–4.15)

0.006

2.31 (1.25–4.24)

 

Age, mean(SD) y

42 (13.0)

40 (11.8)

46 (13.6)

39 (8.3)

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.69

 

Marital status, No. (%)

     

0.59

 

 Single

2 (8.0)

11 (44.4)

3 (12.0)

9 (36.0)

1.00 (REF)

   

 Married

28 (26.9)

24 (23.1)

31 (29.8)

21 (20.2)

0.60 (0.28–1.31)

   

 Divorced or Separated

1 (11.1)

5 (55.6)

1 (11.0)

2 (22.2)

061 (0.17–2.26)

   

 Widowed

7 (35.0)

1 (5.0)

5 (25.0)

7 (35.0)

0.81 (0.27–2.45)

   

Highest education level, No. (%)

     

0.23

 

 Completed secondary or higher

14 (20.9)

19 (28.4)

15 (22.4)

19 (28.4)

1.00 (REF)

   

 Completed primary or some secondary

12 (20.7)

16 (27.6)

14 (24.1)

16 (27.6)

1.01 (0.54–1.89)

   

 None or some primary

12 (36.4)

6 (18.2)

11 (33.3)

4 (12.1)

0.55 (0.26–1.17)

   

Occupation, No. (%)

     

0.95

 

 High income

3 (21.4)

3 (21.4)

6 (42.9)

2 (14.3)

1.00 (REF)

   

 Low-Medium income

31 (24.4)

35 (27.6)

30 (23.6)

31 (234)

0.96 (0.37–2.48)

   

 Unemployed

4 (30.8)

3 (23.1)

3 (23.1)

3 (23.1)

0.82 (0.21–3.12)

   

HIV infection & ART use, No. (%)a

     

0.07

 

 HIV-

11 (34.4)

10 (31.3)

6 (18.8)

5 (15.6)

1.00 (REF)

   

 HIV+/ART-

6 (20.7)

11 (37.9)

8 (27.6)

4 (13.8)

1.41 (0.58–3.40)

   

 HIV+/ART+

11 (22.5)

9 (18.4)

12 (24.5)

17 (34.7)

2.57 (1.13–5.88)

   

Main symptom, No. (%)

    

1.07 (0.94–1.21)

0.32

  

 Lump

24 (23.8)

24 (23.8)

29 (28.7)

24 (23.8)

    

 Pain

7 (41.2)

5 (29.4)

2 (11.8)

3 (17.7)

    

 Redness

4 (28.6)

4 (28.6)

2 (14.3)

4 (28.6)

    

 Others

3 (11.5)

8 (30.8)

7 (26.9)

8 (308)

    
  1. a There were 48 participants with missing HIV/ART data