Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 158 OSSN patients presenting directly or indirectly to study centres
From: Delay along the care-seeking journey of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya
Demographic or clinical feature | Direct presenters N = 88 | Indirect presenters N = 70 | p-valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
Age in years, mean (SD), y | 42.5 | (12.0) | 41.1 | (12.0) | 0.47c |
Sex, No. (%) | 0.11 | ||||
Male | 36 | (40.9) | 20 | (28.6) | |
Female | 52 | (59.1) | 50 | (71.4) | |
Marital status, No. (%) | 0.21 | ||||
Single | 16 | (18.2) | 9 | (12.9) | |
Married | 55 | (62.5) | 49 | (70.0) | |
Divorced or Separated | 3 | (3.4) | 6 | (8.6) | |
Widowed | 14 | (15.9) | 6 | (8.6) | |
Highest education level, No. (%) | 0.25 | ||||
Completed secondary or higher | 33 | (37.5) | 34 | (48.6) | |
Completed primary or some secondary | 33 | (37.5) | 25 | (35.7) | |
None or some primary | 22 | (25.0) | 11 | (15.7) | |
Location of primary occupation, No. (%) | 0.66 | ||||
Indoor | 29 | (33.0) | 26 | (37.1) | |
Outdoor | 57 | (64.8) | 44 | (62.9) | |
Missing data | 2 | (2.2) | 0 | 0 | |
Employment | 0.23 | ||||
Unemployed/no regular income | 5 | (5.7) | 8 | (11.4) | |
Low to middle income | 69 | (78.4) | 58 | (82.9) | |
High income | 10 | (11.4) | 4 | (5.7) | |
Missing data | 4 | (4.6) | 0 | 0 | |
HIV infection/ART use, No. (%) | 0.42 | ||||
HIV- | 15 | (25.0) | 17 | (34.0) | |
HIV+/ART- | 15 | (25.0) | 14 | (28.0) | |
HIV+/ART+ | 30 | (50.0) | 19 | (380) | |
CD4 count in cells/mm3, median(IQR) | 344 | (148–802) | 219 | (120–670) | 0.42d |
HIV-associated immunodeficiency by CD4 count in cells/mm3, No. (%) | 0.28 | ||||
None or not significant (≥500) | 15 | (37.5) | 14 | (34.2) | |
Mild (350–499) | 5 | (12.5) | 3 | (7.3) | |
Advanced (200–349) | 9 | (22.5) | 5 | (12.2) | |
Severe (<200) | 11 | (27.5) | 19 | (46.3) | |
Main symptom, No. (%) | 0.03 | ||||
Lump | 53 | (60.2) | 48 | (68.6) | |
Pain | 15 | (17.1) | 2 | (2.9) | |
Redness | 6 | (6.8) | 8 | (11.4) | |
Others | 14 | (15.9) | 12 | (17.1) | |
Tumour diameter in mm, median(IQR) | 6.0 | (4.3–8.5) | 6.0 | (4.2–10.0) | 0.52d |
Histopathology, No. (%) | 0.87 | ||||
CIN I (mild dysplasia) | 5 | (5.7) | 4 | (5.7) | |
CIN II (moderate dysplasia) | 13 | (14.8) | 9 | (12.9) | |
CIN III (severe dysplasia) | 19 | (21.6) | 13 | (18.6) | |
Carcinoma-in-situ | 0 | 0 | 1 | (1.4) | |
SCC – poorly differentiated | 1 | (1.4) | 1 | (1.4) | |
SCC – moderately differentiated | 45 | (51.1) | 35 | (50.0) | |
SCC – well differentiated | 5 | (5.7) | 7 | (10.0) | |
Study Centre, No. (%) | <0.001 | ||||
Kikuyu Eye Unit | 42 | (47.7) | 55 | (78.6) | |
Kenyatta National Hospital | 4 | (4.6) | 9 | (12.9) | |
Sabatia Eye Hospital | 25 | (28.4) | 3 | (4.3) | |
Kitale District Hospital | 17 | (19.3) | 3 | (4.3) | |
Distance from home to study centre or to 1st health facility in km, median(IQR)b | 30 | (20–89) | 20 | (5–56) | 0.003 d |
Cost of care in KSh, median (IQR) | 3800 | (3800–4800) | 3880 | (3800–4100) | 0.01d |