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Table 3 Comparison of quality outcomes between all ownership types, unadjusted and adjusted coefficients, 2011 (reference group = public providers

From: Do public nursing home care providers deliver higher quality than private providers? Evidence from Sweden

  

All privatea

Private equity

For-profit

Non-profit

 

N=

386

 

201

 

123

 

62

 

Type of quality indicator

 

unadjusted

adjusted

unadjusted

adjusted

unadjusted

adjusted

unadjusted

adjusted

Structure

Employees per residentb

-0,07***

−0.07***

−0,1***

−0.09***

−0.04

−0.04

−0,03

−0.03

  

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.03)

 

Hourly employmentb

3,89***

1.84

5,42***

3.28

1,48

−0.48

3,2

0.73

  

(0.81)

(0.84)

(1.14)

(1.15)

(1.42)

(1.44)

(1.06)

(1.21)

 

Full-time employmentb

−0.21

−2.63

0.57

−2.56

−1.09

−2.1

1,42

−4.5

  

(1.26)

(1.22)

(1.63)

(1.55)

(2.21)

(2.03)

(3.11)

(2.77)

 

Employee turnover

1.07

0.92

0.57

0.3

1,05

0.86

2,58

1.47

  

(0.93)

(1.11)

(1.15)

(1.30)

(1.69)

(1.91)

(2.46)

(2.60)

 

Advanced competenceb

1,46**

−0.01

1,74**

0.14

1.02

−0.16

1,27

−0.69

  

(0.38)

(0.42)

(0.46)

(0.55)

(0.78)

(0.75)

(0.75)

(0.81)

 

Basic competence

−2.06

−1.36

−3.41

−2.68

−1.15

−0.52

0,52

1.31

  

(0.83)

(0.88)

(1.10)

(1.13)

(1.35)

(1.40)

(2.14)

(2.24)

 

Individual accommodation/kitchen

−6.08

−9.15**

−4.63

−6.43

−7.00

−11.3

−8,97

−13.4

  

(2.74)

(2.95)

(3.67)

(3.85)

(4.60)

(4.62)

(6.35)

(6.50)

Process

Updated care plan

7,53***

6.11***

6,56***

4.89***

8,09***

6.68***

9,54***

7.71***

  

(0.88)

(0.93)

(1.21)

(1.23)

(1.36)

(1.49)

(1.32)

(1.78)

 

Participation

9,90***

7.72***

9,11***

6.67***

9,38***

7.17*

13,4***

11.4***

  

(1.17)

(1.26)

(1.56)

(1.58)

(1.95)

(2.13)

(1.89)

(2.32)

 

Nightly fast

7,21***

2.85

6,09**

1.45

8,32***

3.75

8,41***

2.25

  

(1.12)

(1.26)

(1.63)

(1.74)

(1.42)

(1.55)

(1.81)

(2.07)

 

Medication review

16,2***

15.3***

14,6***

13.5***

18,7***

18.1***

16,4**

15.3*

  

(1.79)

(1.98)

(2.43)

(2.59)

(2.70)

(2.85)

(4.07)

(4.44)

 

Screening for falls

21,6***

20.2***

18,1***

17.6***

24,4***

23.9***

26,8***

25.9***

  

(1.62)

(1.85)

(2.28)

(2.47)

(2.38)

(2.56)

(2.95)

(3.56)

 

Screening for pressure ulcers

18,7***

16.1***

15,4***

14.0***

20,0***

19.0***

26,3***

25.0***

  

(1.98)

(2.26)

(2.68)

(2.90)

(3.26)

(3.43)

(3.95)

(4.61)

 

Screening for malnutrition

16,8***

15.7***

13,4***

12.9***

22,0***

22.3***

17,5**

17.1*

  

(1.87)

(2.14)

(2.56)

(2.79)

(2.74)

(2.94)

(4.31)

(4.91)

  1. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001. P-values have been adjusted for multiple testing, i.e. divided by 42 (14 quality indicators*3 ownership groups). Standard errors are in parentheses
  2. a‘All private’ includes ‘Private equity’, ‘For-profit’ and ‘Non-profit’
  3. bFor the indicators Employees per resident, Hourly employment, Full-time Employment, and Advanced competence, data from 2010 are used since these indicators were not measured in 2011 by the NBHW
  4. The data from 2010 comprised of 1583 publicly operated nursing homes and 265 privately operated nursing homes (152 private equity, 69 private for-profit, 44 private non-profit)
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