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Table 3 Multilevel models with vignette and respondent characteristics and the criterion “intention to use a test” separately for the groups ST, HPH, and HPD

From: Psychological, situational and application-related determinants of the intention to self-test: a factorial survey among students

 

RI_Vall_P_TA

RI_Vall_Pall

ST

HPH

HPD

ST

HPH

HPD

Fixed effects

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

b

(SE)

intercept

36.65***

(6.94)

43.69***

(5.05)

55.87***

(4.44)

48.71***

4.65

52.40***

(3.91)

59.42***

(3.35)

Vignette characteristics

 Application purpose

  Risk assessmentRefA

            

  Clinical diagnostics

−0.30

(6.24)

6.41

(3.53)

5.10

(5.05)

2.10

(4.17)

3.90

(2.70)

−2.21

(3.80)

  Drug effect

0.91

(6.42)

8.57*

(3.66)

9.12*

(4.60)

−1.29

(4.27)

2.69

(2.82)

2.05

(3.48)

  Early detection of a disease

−2.50

(6.59)

8.72*

(4.26)

12.64**

(3.85)

2.16

(4.38)

5.93

(3.25)

4.61

(2.91)

  Monitoring

5.67

(6.39)

8.25*

(4.17)

11.27**

(4.16)

6.16

(4.28)

2.28

(3.21)

3.98

(3.15)

  Therapy diagnostics

5.94

(7.66)

9.31*

(3.88)

10.32**

(3.66)

−0.41

(5.10)

4.85

(2.98)

0.59

(2.79)

 Seriousness of the situation

  Acute and life-threateningRefB

            

  Acute, but not life-threatening

8.25

(5.33)

2.46

(3.95)

−3.16

(4.08)

1.02

(3.56)

−1.53

(3.05)

0.83

(3.09)

  Chronic, but not life-threatening

7.91

(5.53)

3.49

(3.85)

0.129

(3.56)

6.46

(3.74)

1.73

(2.97)

2.63

(2.70)

  Chronic, slowly advancing and life-threatening

2.90

(5.48)

5.88

(4.28)

1.80

(3.96)

1.59

(3.64)

6.08

(3.27)

3.94

(2.96)

 Analysis and feedback

  Transmitted automatically and the result is communicated in written formRefC

            

  Transmitted automatically and only a conspicuous result is communicated by a health professional

RefC-3.44

(5.72)

    

RefC-0.44

(3.82)

    

  Transmitted automatically and the result is communicated by a health professional

RefC0.23

(5.37)

    

RefC0.93

(3.60)

    

  Analyzed in a laboratory and only a conspicuous result is communicated by a health professionalRefD

            

  Analyzed automatically, and the result is displayed immediately

RefC-5.94

(5.20)

RefD5.02

(3.27)

RefD3.11

(3.41)

RefC-0.38

(3.46)

RefD5.16*

(2.49)

RefD0.96

(2.54)

  Analyzed in a laboratory and the result is communicated in written form

  

RefD4.62

(3.33)

RefD-1.80

(3.22)

  

RefD3.87

(2.54)

RefD-1.75

(2.41)

  Analyzed in a laboratory and the result is communicated by a health professional

  

RefD6.17

(3.53)

RefD6.41

(3.53)

  

RefD1.90

(2.71)

RefD5.30*

(2.64)

 Medical expertise of the tested person

  NoRefE

            

  Unprofessional

5.06

(4.88)

0.78

(3.15)

1.37

(3.07)

2.39

(3.24)

1.18

(2.41)

−0.85

(2.30)

  Professional

13.80**

(4.89)

9.43**

(3.11)

8.36**

(2.99)

7.17*

(3.27)

7.04**

(2.38)

2.92

(2.26)

 Emotional support

  Not presentRefF

            

  Potentially available

7.46

(4.56)

5.44

(3.27)

2.72

(3.16)

3.76

(3.05)

2.54

(2.50)

4.11

(2.36)

  Personally present

8.61

(4.81)

9.66**

(3.13)

0.94

(3.63)

3.78

(3.19)

4.41

(2.41)

4.70

(2.72)

Respondent characteristics

 Technology affinity enthusiasm

6.21*

(2.90)

2.14

(2.50)

2.41

(2.35)

2.07

(2.02)

0.54

(1.92)

3.24

(1.71)

 Technology affinity competence

0.16

(3.20)

2.29

(2.97)

−1.02

(2.64)

2.07

(2.26)

2.87

(2.31)

−2.50

(1.95)

 Technology affinity positive attitude

4.04

(3.60)

4.79

(3.01)

7.29*

(3.01)

0.17

(2.48)

2.11

(2.31)

−0.43

(2.22)

 Perceived susceptibility

      

0.24

(0.34)

0.37

(0.33)

0.40

(0.31)

 Self-efficacy

      

−0.04

(0.31)

−0.51

(0.31)

0.07

(0.27)

 Perceived severity

      

0.16***

(0.04)

0.23***

(0.04)

0.19***

(0.03)

 Outcome expectancy

      

0.89***

(0.05)

0.68***

(0.04)

0.69***

(0.04)

Random effects

 δim (error variance between)

216.28

 

278.52

 

213.94

 

113.18

 

162.74

 

101.95

 

 εij (error variance within)

676.11

 

461.75

 

406.46

 

286.40

 

267.99

 

230.54

 

 Deviance

3234.43

 

4459.54

 

3974.44

 

2959.49

 

4200.21

 

3712.40

 

 NO / NG

337/183

 

478/196

 

433/192

 

337/183

 

478/196

 

433/192

 
  1. N o Number of observations/vignettes
  2. N G Number of groups/respondents
  3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001