Table 2 Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models with 30-day pneumonia-specific, 30-day pneumonia-unrelated, and 30-day all-cause readmission rates for pneumonia in 2003–2013
30-day pneumonia-specific readmission | 30-day pneumonia-unrelated readmission | 30-day all-cause readmission | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||||
<Individual level> | |||||||||
Sex | |||||||||
Men | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Women | 1.010 | 0.875 | 1.166 | 1.072 | 0.930 | 1.235 | 1.040 | 0.940 | 1.150 |
Age | |||||||||
65–69 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
70–74 | 1.223 | 0.968 | 1.547 | 1.128 | 0.903 | 1.410 | 1.174 | 0.999 | 1.380 |
75–79 | 1.069 | 0.843 | 1.355 | 1.093 | 0.875 | 1.364 | 1.090 | 0.927 | 1.282 |
80–84 | 1.101 | 0.864 | 1.402 | 1.046 | 0.830 | 1.318 | 1.086 | 0.918 | 1.283 |
≥ 85 | 1.175 | 0.907 | 1.522 | 0.919 | 0.703 | 1.201 | 1.058 | 0.879 | 1.274 |
Income | |||||||||
Medical aid | 1.323 | 1.020 | 1.717 | 0.796 | 0.586 | 1.080 | 1.048 | 0.861 | 1.276 |
Low | 1.037 | 0.864 | 1.245 | 1.089 | 0.916 | 1.294 | 1.064 | 0.938 | 1.205 |
Middle | 1.031 | 0.868 | 1.223 | 0.965 | 0.817 | 1.141 | 0.993 | 0.881 | 1.118 |
High | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Prior year LOS | 0.836 | 0.710 | 0.983 | 1.181 | 1.001 | 1.393 | 0.997 | 0.888 | 1.120 |
Prior year number of primary care visits | 0.919 | 0.823 | 1.027 | 0.945 | 0.846 | 1.056 | 0.929 | 0.859 | 1.005 |
Prior year number of emergency department (ED) visits | 1.008 | 0.990 | 1.025 | 0.995 | 0.965 | 1.025 | 1.003 | 0.988 | 1.019 |
Prior year cost (1000won) | 1.107 | 1.015 | 1.206 | 0.904 | 0.828 | 0.986 | 1.001 | 0.942 | 1.064 |
Pathway | |||||||||
Outpatient | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Emergency | 1.113 | 0.959 | 1.291 | 1.002 | 0.866 | 1.161 | 1.053 | 0.949 | 1.168 |
LOS of the index hospitalization | 1.250 | 1.149 | 1.360 | 1.262 | 1.162 | 1.370 | 1.236 | 1.165 | 1.311 |
Septicemia/shock | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 1.177 | 0.846 | 1.638 | 1.298 | 0.931 | 1.810 | 1.223 | 0.968 | 1.545 |
Cancer | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 0.540 | 0.424 | 0.687 | 1.212 | 1.015 | 1.447 | 0.877 | 0.762 | 1.009 |
Dementia | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 0.605 | 0.414 | 0.885 | 1.126 | 0.832 | 1.526 | 0.837 | 0.660 | 1.062 |
heart failure | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 0.695 | 0.492 | 0.980 | 1.181 | 0.904 | 1.544 | 0.930 | 0.754 | 1.148 |
Vascular or circulatory disease | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 0.749 | 0.584 | 0.961 | 1.155 | 0.938 | 1.422 | 0.968 | 0.826 | 1.134 |
COPD | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 0.897 | 0.760 | 1.059 | 1.171 | 1.003 | 1.367 | 1.029 | 0.919 | 1.152 |
Asthma | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 1.221 | 1.041 | 1.432 | 1.252 | 1.070 | 1.466 | 1.222 | 1.093 | 1.367 |
Renal failure | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 0.842 | 0.600 | 1.182 | 1.122 | 0.840 | 1.500 | 0.977 | 0.784 | 1.217 |
Liver disease | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 0.848 | 0.592 | 1.214 | 1.155 | 0.845 | 1.577 | 0.993 | 0.785 | 1.257 |
<Hospital level> | |||||||||
Hospital classification | |||||||||
Teaching hospital or general hospital | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Hospital | 1.078 | 0.845 | 1.373 | 0.929 | 0.706 | 1.223 | 1.005 | 0.839 | 1.205 |
Ownership | |||||||||
Public | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Private | 1.201 | 0.906 | 1.591 | 1.144 | 0.851 | 1.536 | 1.169 | 0.955 | 1.431 |
The number of beds | |||||||||
Low | 1.043 | 0.779 | 1.395 | 0.802 | 0.591 | 1.088 | 0.901 | 0.732 | 1.109 |
Middle | 0.945 | 0.746 | 1.198 | 0.754 | 0.597 | 0.953 | 0.835 | 0.708 | 0.984 |
High | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
The number of doctors per bed | |||||||||
Q1 | 1.334 | 0.976 | 1.823 | 1.217 | 0.888 | 1.669 | 1.276 | 1.026 | 1.587 |
Q2 | 1.406 | 1.072 | 1.843 | 1.168 | 0.898 | 1.519 | 1.280 | 1.064 | 1.540 |
Q3 | 1.009 | 0.789 | 1.290 | 1.036 | 0.829 | 1.295 | 1.033 | 0.878 | 1.215 |
Q4 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
MRI | |||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 1.182 | 0.935 | 1.495 | 1.154 | 0.883 | 1.508 | 1.157 | 0.971 | 1.379 |
Year | |||||||||
2003 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
2004 | 1.065 | 0.563 | 2.014 | 1.318 | 0.759 | 2.289 | 1.234 | 0.813 | 1.875 |
2005 | 1.544 | 0.885 | 2.694 | 1.115 | 0.653 | 1.905 | 1.352 | 0.919 | 1.990 |
2006 | 1.065 | 0.563 | 2.014 | 0.874 | 0.508 | 1.505 | 0.863 | 0.575 | 1.294 |
2007 | 1.544 | 0.885 | 2.694 | 1.043 | 0.622 | 1.749 | 1.027 | 0.699 | 1.510 |
2008 | 1.065 | 0.563 | 2.014 | 1.181 | 0.715 | 1.950 | 1.203 | 0.829 | 1.744 |
2009 | 1.544 | 0.885 | 2.694 | 0.895 | 0.534 | 1.500 | 0.943 | 0.644 | 1.380 |
2010 | 1.065 | 0.563 | 2.014 | 1.043 | 0.634 | 1.716 | 1.085 | 0.751 | 1.568 |
2011 | 1.544 | 0.885 | 2.694 | 0.938 | 0.566 | 1.552 | 1.000 | 0.691 | 1.447 |
2012 | 1.065 | 0.563 | 2.014 | 1.197 | 0.736 | 1.948 | 1.182 | 0.825 | 1.693 |
2013 | 1.544 | 0.885 | 2.694 | 1.125 | 0.689 | 1.838 | 1.032 | 0.717 | 1.484 |