Table 1 Summary of papers and findings by country and year

1. Jahrami et al. [42]

Bahrain

153

58.0

Males (48.0%), females (52.0%)

Doctors (9.2%), nurses (78.4%), other healthcare professionals (12.4%)

Job satisfaction

24.2

18.3

28.1

2. Mohammed et al. [28]

Egypt

84

64.6

Males (54.8%), females (45.2%)

Residents

Working hours

Burnout was correlated with different personality domains and working hours

81.0

64.3

52.4

3. Shams and El-Masry [26]

Egypt

98

73.1

Males (73.5%), females (26.5%)

Anesthesiologists:

Residents (30.6%), assistant lecturers (32.7%), lecturers (16.3%), assistant professors (12.2%), professors (8.2%)

Job stress, working condition, lack of support

62.2

56.1

58.2

4. Khashaba et al. [36]

Egypt

140

100.0

All males

Emergency medical responders

Organizational stressors

20.0

9.3

19.3

5. Hamaideh [24]

Jordan

181

82.3

Males (55.8%) and females (44.2%)

Nurses

Job satisfaction

54.7

34.2

38.7

6. Ashkar et al.[30]

Lebanon

155

75.0

Males (55.5%) and females (44.5%)

Residents (different specialties)

Coping with stress at work, number of on calls

67.7

47.1

37.4

7. Alameddine et al.[35]

Lebanon

755

NR

Males (49.6%) and females (50.3%)

0.1% missing

Doctors (44.8%), nurses (32.7%), allied health in primary health care and other health professionals (22.5%)

High burnout, lower level of education, and low tenure were all associated with increased likelihood to quit

23.2

13.8

18.7

8. Sabbah et al. [25]

Lebanon

200

95.2

Males (31.5%) and females (68.5%)

Nurses

Work satisfaction, work overload, job title, shift duty

77.5

36.0

33.0

9. Abdallah [40]

Palestine

180

NR

Males (33.3%) and females (66.7%)

Social workers

Self esteem

20.0

46.7

13.3

10. Abushaikha and Saca-Hazboun [34]

Palestine

152

59.6

Males (26.3%) and females (73.7%)

Staff nurses (80.3%), head nurses (12.5%), assistant head nurses (7.2%)

Job satisfaction

37.5

9.2

39.5

11. Alhajjar et al.[41]

Palestine

176

70.4

Males (48.3%) and females (51.7%)

Social workers

Employer type

56.2

67.0

85.8

12. Sadat-Ali et al. [39]

Saudi Arabia

69

51.9

NA

Orthopedic surgeons (consultants and specialists)

Hospital type;

Government (G) or Private (P)

Overall = 50.7

G = 40.8;P = 70.0

Overall = 59.4

G = 49.0;

P = 80.0

Overall = 17.0

G = 14.5; P = 30.0

13. Al-Dardas et al. [23]

Saudi Arabia

198

79.0

NA

Nurses

Nationality, marital status area of work and job duration

45.6

42.0

28.5

14. Al Turki [37]

Saudi Arabia

37

61.6

All Females

Saudi Nurses

Job duration

45.9

48.6

13.6

15. Al-Ayoubi and Jan [22]

Saudi Arabia

130

65.0

Males (45.0%) and females (55.0%)

Pediatricians:

consultants, (46.0%), residents (31.0%), assistants (23.0%)

Hospital types, years of practice,

number of clinics per week

16. Aldrees et al. [29]

Saudi Arabia

348

74.0

Males (72.0%) and females (28.0%)

Consultants (54.0%), residents (46.0%)

Number of years in practice, worked concurrently

in the private sectors

54.0

35.0

33.0

17. Al-Sareai et al. [38]

Saudi Arabia

370

94.9

Males (81.9%) and females (18.1%)

Primary health care doctors: residents (98.1%), specialists (1.4%), consultants (0.5%)

Number of working days,

age and nationality

29.5

15.7

19.7

18. Al-Imam and Al-Sobayel [33]

Saudi Arabia

119

72.4

Males (37.0%) and females (63.0%)

Physiotherapists

Workload, control, reward, fairness, values

42.0

33.6

28.5

19. Al-Dubai and Rampal [27]

Yemen

563

70.4

Males (59.5%) and females (40.5%)

Doctors:

specialists (30.0%), non-specialists (70.0%)

Long working hours, work-life balance, dealing with patients, and not chewing Khat

63.2

19.4

33.0