Model | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random effects | |||||
 Hospital variance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
  ICC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fixed effects | Odds ratios | ||||
Sociodemographic | |||||
 Age (years, at index admission) | |||||
  45– < 75 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  75– < 85 |  | 1.99 (1.24,3.20) | 1.97 (1.22,3.16) | 2.07 (1.26,3.40) | 2.04 (1.24,3.35) |
   ≥ 85 |  | 3.33 (2.09,5.30) | 3.23 (2.00,5.20) | 3.30 (1.97,5.52) | 3.23 (1.93,5.41) |
 Sex | |||||
  Male |  | 1.36 (1.00,1.84) | 1.34 (0.96,1.85) | 1.36 (0.96,1.93) | 1.36 (0.96,1.93) |
  Female |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Marital status | |||||
  Married |  |  | 1.02 (0.74,1.40) | 1.06 (0.77,1.47) | 1.06 (0.77,1.47) |
  Not married |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Region of residence | |||||
  Major cities |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Regional |  |  | 1.01 (0.72,1.41) | 1.06 (0.75,1.50) | 1.03 (0.72,1.46) |
  Remote |  |  | 0.85 (0.55,1.31) | 0.90 (0.58,1.40) | 0.83 (0.51,1.38) |
 Education | |||||
  No school certificate |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  School/trade/certificate/diploma |  |  | 0.90 (0.62,1.31) | 0.91 (0.62,1.32) | 0.91 (0.62,1.32) |
  Tertiary degree |  |  | 1.18 (0.69,2.01) | 1.15 (0.67,1.98) | 1.16 (0.67,1.99) |
 Private health insurance | |||||
  Yes |  |  | 1.05 (0.77,1.43) | 1.10 (0.80,1.51) | 1.12 (0.80,1.56) |
  No |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Baseline health (self-reported) | |||||
 Duke Social Support Index |  |  |  | 0.97 (0.88,1.07) | 0.97 (0.88,1.07) |
 BMI | |||||
  Underweight |  |  |  | 1.68 (0.80,3.52) | 1.63 (0.77,3.42) |
  Normal |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Overweight |  |  |  | 0.90 (0.62,1.30) | 0.90 (0.62,1.31) |
  Obese |  |  |  | 0.62 (0.38,1.02) | 0.61 (0.37,1.01) |
 Smoking status | |||||
  Current smoker |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Ex-smoker |  |  |  | 0.50 (0.27,0.94) | 0.49 (0.27,0.92) |
  Never smoker |  |  |  | 0.58 (0.31,1.09) | 0.57 (0.31,1.07) |
Hospitalisation history (APDC, prior 6Â years) | |||||
 Previous CVD | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 0.73 (0.43,1.22) | 0.74 (0.44,1.24) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous heart failure | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 1.23 (0.85,1.77) | 1.22 (0.84,1.76) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous renal disease | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 0.73 (0.44,1.21) | 0.73 (0.44,1.21) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous anaemia | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 1.17 (0.80,1.72) | 1.18 (0.81,1.72) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Previous dementia | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 1.31 (0.50,3.40) | 1.30 (0.50,3.36) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Index admission characteristics | |||||
 Primary diagnosis | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  | 0.52 (0.36,0.73) | 0.51 (0.36,0.72) |
  No |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Current comorbidity (Charlson Index) | |||||
  None |  |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Mild-moderate |  |  |  | 1.42 (0.99,2.02) | 1.42 (0.99,2.02) |
  Severe |  |  |  | 2.64 (1.80,3.88) | 2.68 (1.82,3.94) |
Hospital characteristics | |||||
 Hospital peer group | |||||
  Principal referral |  |  |  |  | 1.00 |
  Major city |  |  |  |  | 1.32 (0.84,2.08) |
  District |  |  |  |  | 1.26 (0.76,2.08) |
  Community |  |  |  |  | 1.11 (0.56,2.22) |
  Private |  |  |  |  | 0.96 (0.59,1.55) |
  Others |  |  |  |  | 0.61 (0.24,1.56) |
 Heart failure service | |||||
  Yes |  |  |  |  | 0.90 (0.62,1.29) |
  No |  |  |  |  | 1.00 |