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Table 5 The statistical relationship between informal payments and demographic characteristics of the patient

From: At first glance, informal payments experience on track: why accept or refuse? Patients’ perceive in cardiac surgery department of public hospitals, northeast of Iran 2013

Research variable

 

Mean ± SD

P-value

Gender

Male

0.09 ± 0.86

0.13

Female

0.42 ± 2.00

Age

0–5

0

0.61

6–15

0.58 ± 2.34

16–29

0.31 ± 1.21

30–39

0

40–49

0

50–59

0.41 ± 1.89

More than 60

0.20 ± 1.51

Length of stay

1–7

0.23 ± 1.44

0.12

8–14

0.10 ± 0.97

15–21

0.28 ± 1.63

More than 21 days

0.95 ± 3.08

Marital status

Infant or child

0

0.49

Single

0.46 ± 1.88

Married

0.28 ± 1.65

Widow

0

Education

Not in school age

0

0.36

Illiterate

0.33 ± 1.82

Primary school

0.15 ± 1.19

Secondary school

0

High school

0.48 ± 1.95

Higher

0.66 ± 1.77

Residency

Mashhad

0.36 ± 1.86

0.73

Capital of province

0.44 ± 2.04

Town

0.14 ± 1.07

Village

0.11 ± 1.01

Foreign

0

Employment status

Infant or child

0.26 ± 1.58

0.89

Student

0.21 ± 0.99

Employee

0.39 ± 1.74

Self-employed

0

Laborer

0

Farmer

0.34 ± 1.80

Housekeeper

0.36 ± 1.94

Unemployed

0

Health Insurance coverage

No

0.66 ± 2.50

0.28

Yes

0.21 ± 1.41

Type of health insurance

Rural health care

0.20 ± 1.38

0.39

Social Security

0.13 ± 1.12

Iranian health care

6.696 ± 0.956

Employee health services

35.730 ± 12.695

Armed Forces

0

Health care of other sectors

0

Aid Committee

0

Private insurance

0

International Recommendation Letter

0

Without Health Insurance

26.001 ± 7.211

Way of referring

Going directly to the hospital's clinic

0.21 ± 1.41

0.04

Physician’s office

0.12 ± 1.08

Referrals from other health centers

0

Emergency

0.73 ± 2.56

Complementary health insurance

No

0.23 ± 1.40

0.81

Yes

0.26 ± 1.82