Table 5 Analysis of preliminary list against features of change chronic and complex care
From: Practice change in chronic conditions care: an appraisal of theories
Theorya | Relevant to micro, meso and macro levels | Clearly allows for active involvement by more than one organisation | Patient involvement | Empirical or theoretical bases explicit | Practical measurement tools in key reference? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRISM Feldstein & Glasgow 2008 [37] | Partly – “macro” barely covered | No | Yes | No - Basis for selecting references not given | Yes |
CFIR Damschroder2009 [32] | Partly – “macro” barely covered | No | Somewhat – seeing patients as targets | Yes | Yes Comprehensive discussion and referencing of aspects to be measured |
NPT May 2009 [33]a | Partly – “macro” not covered | Consistent but not explicit | Consistent but not explicit | Yes | Partly – Broad outline presented for measurements |
General theory of implementation May 2013 [34] | Partly – “macro” not covered | Consistent but not explicit | Consistent but not explicit | Yes | Partly - Measurement conceptually explained |
PARIHS Kitson et al. 2008 [26] | Partly – “macro” not covered | Consistent but not explicit | Addressed in evidence – not as active in implementation. | Yes | Yes - Guide for qualitative data collection. |
Revised PARIHS framework for USA VHA Stetler 2011 [35] | Partly – “macro” not covered | No | Somewhat – seeing patients as targets | Yes | Yes – Measures explicitly outlined |
CRARUM Kontos 2009 [38] | Partly – “macro” not covered | No | No | Yes | No |
ARCC Melnyk 2010 [39] | No – micro barely covered, focus of meso is nursing and macro absent | No | No | No | Partly - 2 proposed scales are referenced |
Sticky knowledge Elwyn 2007 [36] | Partly – “macro” not covered | Consistent but not explicit | Yes | Partial – describes and references one theory from another discipline | No – Little basis provided for measurement. |