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Table 9 Association between Medicare managed care and inpatient mortality for pneumonia

From: Managed care and inpatient mortality in adults: effect of primary payer

Characteristic

Patient characteristicsa

Patient + hospital characteristicsb

Patient characteristic + hospital fixed effects

Patient + hospital characteristics + county fixed effects

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Managed care

1.032

0.982

1.085

1.072

1.019

1.128

0.989

0.932

1.050

1.047

0.992

1.105

Age 18–64 years

0.64

0.585

0.701

0.648

0.592

0.71

0.654

0.596

0.717

0.667

0.609

0.731

Age 65–74 years

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

Age 75–84 years

1.245

1.175

1.319

1.239

1.169

1.314

1.238

1.167

1.314

1.228

1.158

1.303

Age 85+ years

1.859

1.754

1.969

1.845

1.742

1.956

1.816

1.711

1.928

1.802

1.699

1.912

Male

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

Female

0.964

0.925

1.004

0.967

0.928

1.007

0.974

0.934

1.015

0.968

0.929

1.009

APRMORT_137xxx

24.16

18.166

32.131

24.55

18.459

32.652

28.237

21.203

37.605

27.485

20.65

36.58

APRMORT_139002

4.943

3.72

6.569

4.984

3.75

6.624

5.066

3.810

6.737

5.1

3.836

6.781

APRMORT_139003

19.988

15.087

26.481

20.675

15.605

27.394

22.743

17.150

30.161

22.143

16.703

29.35

APRMORT_139004

89.745

67.731

118.92

94.095

71.003

124.7

113.230

85.336

150.241

105.916

79.868

140.5

APRMORT_OTHER

118.202

89.115

156.78

126.055

95.007

167.25

139.748

105.195

185.649

135.944

102.388

180.5

Lowest income

0.963

0.907

1.022

0.913

0.858

0.972

0.920

0.847

0.999

0.956

0.884

1.034

Low income

0.97

0.917

1.026

0.908

0.857

0.963

0.978

0.908

1.054

0.984

0.916

1.058

Moderate income

0.942

0.891

0.996

0.923

0.872

0.976

0.999

0.934

1.068

0.989

0.928

1.054

High income

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

0-99 beds

   

1.15

1.075

1.23

   

1.269

1.174

1.372

100-299 beds

   

REF

REF

REF

   

REF

REF

REF

300-499 beds

   

0.942

0.892

0.995

   

0.968

0.909

1.03

500+ beds

   

0.987

0.917

1.062

   

0.948

0.873

1.03

Nonteaching

   

REF

REF

REF

   

REF

REF

REF

Teaching

   

0.882

0.834

0.933

   

0.903

0.844

0.967

Governmental

   

1.215

1.125

1.311

   

1.067

0.974

1.169

Not-for-profit

   

REF

REF

REF

   

REF

REF

REF

For-profit

   

1.051

0.973

1.135

   

1.048

0.956

1.148

Large metropolitan

   

REF

REF

REF

      

Medium and small metropolitan

   

1.042

0.993

1.093

      

Nonmetropolitan

   

1.17

1.085

1.263

      
  1. Abbreviation: REF, reference group
  2. Notes: aPatient characteristics were age, sex, All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG), and community income. bHospital characteristics were bed size, ownership, teaching status, and urban/rural location
  3. Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, 2009, from the following 11 states: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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