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Table 5 Association between Medicare managed care and inpatient mortality for acute myocardial infarction

From: Managed care and inpatient mortality in adults: effect of primary payer

Characteristic

Patient characteristicsa

Patient + hospital characteristicsb

Patient characteristic + hospital fixed effects

Patient + hospital characteristics + county fixed effects

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Managed care

0.969

0.919

1.021

0.982

0.931

1.036

0.979

0.922

1.039

0.983

0.929

1.040

Age 18–64 years

1.012

0.908

1.129

1.018

0.913

1.135

1.030

0.922

1.151

1.025

0.918

1.145

Age 65–74 years (REF)

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

Age 75–84 years

1.198

1.125

1.276

1.196

1.123

1.273

1.194

1.120

1.272

1.190

1.117

1.268

Age 85+ years

1.362

1.276

1.453

1.352

1.267

1.444

1.354

1.266

1.447

1.339

1.253

1.431

Male

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

Female

0.959

0.916

1.003

0.958

0.916

1.003

0.957

0.914

1.002

0.963

0.920

1.008

APRMORT_165002

0.332

0.144

0.768

0.339

0.147

0.783

0.343

0.148

0.793

0.334

0.144

0.771

APRMORT_165003

1.673

1.004

2.787

1.706

1.024

2.843

1.795

1.076

2.994

1.721

1.032

2.869

APRMORT_165004

16.335

10.790

24.728

16.742

11.058

25.347

18.402

12.135

27.905

17.412

11.487

26.392

APRMORT_174001

0.251

0.145

0.433

0.255

0.147

0.440

0.258

0.149

0.445

0.254

0.147

0.438

APRMORT_174002

0.823

0.532

1.274

0.837

0.541

1.295

0.862

0.557

1.335

0.838

0.541

1.297

APRMORT_174003

3.123

2.060

4.733

3.179

2.097

4.818

3.347

2.206

5.077

3.278

2.161

4.971

APRMORT_174004

33.770

22.759

50.108

34.426

23.199

51.087

38.038

25.605

56.509

36.594

24.639

54.349

APRMORT_190002

3.350

2.231

5.031

3.333

2.219

5.005

3.328

2.215

5.000

3.355

2.233

5.040

APRMORT_190003

8.975

6.061

13.290

8.898

6.009

13.177

9.044

6.103

13.401

9.090

6.135

13.468

APRMORT_190004

41.875

28.301

61.960

42.068

28.430

62.247

45.052

30.424

66.714

44.977

30.376

66.596

APRMORT_OTHER

12.857

8.627

19.162

13.113

8.797

19.545

13.865

9.292

20.689

13.436

9.008

20.041

Lowest income

1.021

0.956

1.089

1.003

0.937

1.073

0.991

0.913

1.075

1.010

0.928

1.099

Low income

1.049

0.986

1.115

1.031

0.967

1.100

1.037

0.961

1.119

1.060

0.980

1.146

Moderate income

0.997

0.938

1.061

0.998

0.938

1.062

0.982

0.915

1.054

0.997

0.929

1.069

High income

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

0-99 beds

   

1.168

1.062

1.284

   

1.185

1.067

1.315

100-299 beds

   

REF

REF

REF

   

REF

REF

REF

300-499 beds

   

1.009

0.952

1.070

   

1.019

0.953

1.090

500+ beds

   

1.029

0.954

1.109

   

1.066

0.979

1.160

Nonteaching

   

REF

REF

REF

   

REF

REF

REF

Teaching

   

0.931

0.878

0.988

   

0.908

0.846

0.975

Governmental

   

1.279

1.173

1.396

   

1.207

1.094

1.332

Not-for-profit

   

REF

REF

REF

   

REF

REF

REF

For-profit

   

0.995

0.908

1.092

   

0.971

0.873

1.081

Large metropolitan

   

REF

REF

REF

      

Medium and small metropolitan

   

0.993

0.944

1.046

      

Nonmetropolitan

   

1.104

1.008

1.209

      
  1. Abbreviation: REF, reference group
  2. Notes: aPatient characteristics were age, sex, All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG), and community income. bHospital characteristics were bed size, ownership, teaching status, and urban/rural location
  3. Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, 2009, from the following 11 states: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania