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Table 12 Association between private managed care and inpatient mortality for congestive heart failure

From: Managed care and inpatient mortality in adults: effect of primary payer

Characteristic

Patient characteristicsa

Patient + hospital characteristicsb

Patient characteristic + hospital fixed effects

Patient + hospital characteristics + county fixed effects

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Point estimate

95% Wald confidence limits

Managed care

0.621

0.549

0.704

0.643

0.567

0.729

Failed to converge

Failed to converge

Age 18–44 years

1.012

0.74

1.386

0.989

0.722

1.354

    

Age 45–64 years

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

    

Age 65+ years

2.036

1.785

2.322

2.131

1.865

2.435

    

Male

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

    

Female

1.165

1.035

1.312

1.172

1.041

1.32

    

APRMORT_161xxx

2.649

1.686

4.162

2.498

1.586

3.932

    

APRMORT_191xxx

2.739

1.803

4.162

2.612

1.716

3.975

    

APRMORT_194002

2.32

1.613

3.337

2.32

1.613

3.337

    

APRMORT_194003

5.392

3.775

7.703

5.366

3.756

7.666

    

APRMORT_194004

28.071

19.641

40.12

28.013

19.592

40.053

    

APRMORT_OTHER

9.41

6.374

13.894

8.99

6.078

13.298

    

Lowest income

0.736

0.619

0.876

0.713

0.596

0.853

    

Low income

0.82

0.699

0.961

0.829

0.703

0.977

    

Moderate income

0.859

0.736

1.004

0.854

0.73

1.000

    

High income

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

REF

    

0-99 beds

   

1.009

0.803

1.266

    

100-299 beds

   

REF

REF

REF

    

300-499 beds

   

0.983

0.834

1.158

    

500+ beds

   

1.089

0.885

1.34

    

Nonteaching

   

REF

REF

REF

    

Teaching

   

1.144

0.967

1.354

    

Governmental

   

1.601

1.289

1.988

    

Not-for-profit

   

REF

REF

REF

    

For-profit

   

0.716

0.53

0.966

    

Large metropolitan

   

REF

REF

REF

    

Medium and small metropolitan

   

1.121

0.975

1.289

    

Nonmetropolitan

   

0.804

0.618

1.045

    
  1. Abbreviation: REF, reference group
  2. Notes: aPatient characteristics were age, sex, All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG), and community income. bHospital characteristics were bed size, ownership, teaching status, and urban/rural location
  3. Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, 2009, from the following 11 states: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania