Managed care and inpatient mortality in adults: effect of primary payer

Hines, Anika L.; Raetzman, Susan O.; Barrett, Marguerite L.; Moy, Ernest; Andrews, Roxanne M.

doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2062-1

BMC Health Services Research

Table 1 Demographic and hospital characteristics of populations in Medicare and private insurance, 2009

From: Managed care and inpatient mortality in adults: effect of primary payer

Characteristic^a,b	Medicare managed care (n = 168,700)		Medicare fee for service (n = 562,610)			Private managed care (n = 84,170)		Private fee for service (n = 115,244)
Characteristic^a,b	Mean, %	SE	Mean, %	SE	p	Mean, %	SE	Mean, %	SE	p
Age in years, mean	78.04	0.02	77.43	0.02	*	57.98	0.05	57.96	0.04
Sex, %
Female	52.33	0.12	53.51	0.07	*	41.39	0.17	39.78	0.15	*
Median household income by ZIP Code, %
Lowest (<$39,999)	22.61	0.10	22.70	0.06		18.30	0.13	19.06	0.12	*
Low ($40,000-$49,999)	24.10	0.10	26.42	0.06	*	21.93	0.14	26.58	0.13	*
Moderate ($50,000-$65,999)	26.41	0.11	26.03	0.06	*	28.20	0.16	27.08	0.13	*
High (>$66,000)	26.88	0.11	24.85	0.06	*	31.56	0.16	27.28	0.13	*
Comorbidities
Congestive heart failure	10.82	0.08	11.89	0.04	*	5.19	0.08	4.90	0.06	*
Chronic pulmonary disease	32.14	0.11	34.52	0.06	*	24.07	0.15	24.89	0.13	*
Hypertension	70.49	0.11	67.61	0.06	*	59.03	0.17	56.11	0.15	*
Peripheral vascular disease	11.44	0.08	10.18	0.04	*	6.00	0.08	5.64	0.07	*
Diabetes with chronic complications	25.99	0.11	28.17	0.06	*	23.20	0.15	23.67	0.13	*
Diabetes without chronic complications	10.21	0.07	7.17	0.03	*	7.89	0.09	5.15	0.07	*
Hypothyroidism	15.40	0.09	15.80	0.05	*	8.52	0.10	8.82	0.08	*
Renal failure	27.76	0.11	27.78	0.06		14.44	0.12	12.28	0.10	*
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	24.49	0.11	27.87	0.06	*	21.71	0.14	22.30	0.12	*
Obesity	8.07	0.07	8.10	0.04		15.61	0.13	14.20	0.10	*
Deficiency anemias	23.24	0.10	24.99	0.06	*	16.52	0.13	14.09	0.10	*
Depression	8.01	0.07	9.49	0.04	*	8.40	0.10	8.51	0.08
Hospital location, %
Large central metropolitan	53.77	0.12	37.87	0.07	*	57.58	0.17	36.78	0.14	*
Large fringe metropolitan	19.88	0.10	19.34	0.05	*	17.90	0.13	20.44	0.12	*
Medium metropolitan	18.47	0.10	23.81	0.06	*	18.34	0.13	25.83	0.13	*
Small metropolitan	3.15	0.04	6.96	0.03	*	1.97	0.05	6.46	0.07	*
Micropolitan	3.78	0.05	9.42	0.04	*	3.14	0.06	8.67	0.08	*
Not metropolitan or micropolitan	0.95	0.02	2.60	0.02	*	1.08	0.04	1.82	0.04	*
Hospital ownership, %
Government	6.13	0.06	7.25	0.03	*	5.85	0.08	7.05	0.08	*
Private, not-for-profit	87.55	0.08	86.07	0.05	*	86.26	0.12	87.93	0.10	*
Private, for-profit	6.32	0.06	6.68	0.03	*	7.89	0.09	5.01	0.06	*
Hospital teaching, %
Teaching	46.25	0.12	37.35	0.07	*	46.47	0.17	43.48	0.15	*
Number of hospital beds, %
< 100	6.58	0.06	11.76	0.04	*	6.33	0.08	8.79	0.08	*
100-299	37.97	0.12	38.75	0.07	*	35.44	0.17	36.18	0.14	*
300-499	32.91	0.12	28.28	0.06	*	33.13	0.16	28.69	0.13	*
500+	22.54	0.10	21.21	0.05	*	25.10	0.15	26.34	0.13	*

Abbreviation: SE, standard error
^aPatient characteristics were age, sex, community income, and All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG)
^bHospital characteristics were urban/rural location, ownership, teaching status, and bed size
*p < 0.05
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, 2009, from the following 11 states: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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