Table 4 Incremental linear robust models and split data set of emergency and non-emergency cases [37]
(1) Basic model | (2) Extended model | (3) Model incl. | (4) Model incl. | (5) Emergency | (6) Non-emergency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
patient confounding | all confounders | cases | cases | |||
Constant | 0.095∗∗∗ | 0.566∗∗∗ | 0.652∗∗∗ | 0.677∗∗∗ | 0.665∗∗∗ | 0.474∗∗∗ |
(0.008) | (0.013) | (0.025) | (0.048) | (0.060) | (0.079) | |
Basic model weekends | ||||||
 Admission WE | −0.053∗ | −0.062∗∗ | −0.060∗∗ | −0.038· | −0.021 | −0.066· |
(0.024) | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.020) | (0.025) | (0.035) | |
 Scanning WE | −0.147∗∗∗ | −0.015 | −0.016 | −0.011 | −0.039 | 0.056 |
(0.029) | (0.025) | (0.025) | (0.025) | (0.031) | (0.044) | |
 Discharge WE | 0.160∗∗∗ | 0.033· | 0.030· | 0.013 | 0.035 | −0.006 |
(0.021) | (0.017) | (0.017) | (0.017) | (0.026) | (0.022) | |
 Treatment WE | −0.104∗∗ | −0.034 | −0.036 | −0.020 | −0.022 | −0.036 |
(0.035) | (0.032) | (0.032) | (0.031) | (0.033) | (0.098) | |
 Interaction WE scan and treatment | 0.536∗∗∗ | 0.258∗∗∗ | 0.263∗∗∗ | 0.211∗∗∗ | 0.227∗∗∗ | 0.113 |
(0.053) | (0.046) | (0.046) | (0.045) | (0.049) | (0.130) | |
 Number of exams | −0.005 | −0.006 | 0.001 | 0.008∗ | −0.010 | |
(0.004) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.006) | ||
 Diff. scan and admission (in days) | −0.047∗∗∗ | −0.047∗∗∗ | −0.048∗∗∗ | −0.055∗∗∗ | −0.038∗∗∗ | |
(0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.006) | ||
 Diff. treatment and scan (in days) | 0.004· | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.005· | 0.005 | |
(0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.005) | ||
 Diff. dismissal and scan (in days) | −0.041∗∗∗ | −0.040∗∗∗ | −0.038∗∗∗ | −0.041∗∗∗ | −0.035∗∗∗ | |
(0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.003) | ||
Patient data | ||||||
 Female | −0.075∗∗∗ | −0.080∗∗∗ | −0.066∗∗∗ | −0.099∗∗∗ | ||
(0.012) | (0.011) | (0.016) | (0.016) | |||
 Age | −0.001∗ | −0.001∗∗ | −0.002∗∗∗ | 0.000 | ||
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.001) | |||
 Private insurance | −0.011 | −0.006 | −0.014 | 0.000 | ||
(0.013) | (0.013) | (0.018) | (0.018) | |||
Clinical data | ||||||
 Deceased | 0.463∗∗∗ | 0.477∗∗∗ | 0.369∗∗∗ | |||
(0.043) | (0.049) | (0.089) | ||||
 Emergency | −0.127∗∗∗ | |||||
(0.013) | ||||||
 Internal medicine case | 0.113∗∗∗ | 0.031 | 0.254∗∗∗ | |||
(0.032) | (0.038) | (0.056) | ||||
 Surgical case | −0.062∗ | −0.141∗∗∗ | 0.078 | |||
(0.031) | (0.038) | (0.053) | ||||
 MRI | 0.113∗∗∗ | 0.161∗∗∗ | 0.044 | |||
(0.033) | (0.041) | (0.055) | ||||
 CT | 0.081∗∗ | 0.092∗ | 0.073 | |||
(0.030) | (0.037) | (0.051) | ||||
 X-ray | 0.093∗∗ | 0.098∗∗ | 0.093· | |||
(0.030) | (0.038) | (0.050) | ||||
 Complicated radiology case | −0.106∗∗∗ | −0.098∗∗∗ | −0.107∗∗∗ | |||
(0.021) | (0.028) | (0.032) | ||||
Adj. R2 | 0.017 | 0.325 | 0.328 | 0.356 | 0.384 | 0.313 |
Num. obs. | 11371 | 11371 | 11371 | 11371 | 6234 | 5137 |