Barriers to surgical care in Nepal

Table 4 Characteristics associated with reasons for not undergoing surgery (due to affordability, accessibility and fear/no trust, respectively), using univariate logistic regression. The reference group consisted of individuals who underwent surgery

Characteristics associated with not having surgery
		Affordability		Accessibility		Fear/no trust
		Study group 1^a		Study group 2^a		Study group 3^a
Household characteristics ^b		Crude Odds Ratio^c (CI)	P-value	Crude Odds Ratio^c (CI)	p-value	Crude Odds Ratio^c (CI)	P-value
Rural village type				2.59 (1.03–6.54)	.044
Travel time to secondary health facility (hours)				1.17 (1.07–1.27)	<.001
Cost for tertiary transport				1.22 (1.03–1.43)	.021
Travel time to tertiary health facility (hours)				1.09 (1.03–1.15)	.003
Individual characteristics ^b
Female gender						3.54 (1.54–8.15)	.003
Education			.002		.028
	None	5.77 (2.14–15.58)	.001	2.72 (1.14–6.49)	.024
	Primary	2.24 (0.77–6.53)	.141	0.88 (0.32–2.41)	.797
	Secondary or higher	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.

^aFor the dependent variables, the reference group had the value ‘0’, while the study groups had the value ‘1’;
^bCharacteristics that were tested, but did not show any significant results with either of the study groups, were ‘Number of household members’, ‘Motorised transport to secondary health facility’, ‘Cost for secondary transport’, ‘Waiting time for (secondary) transport’, ‘Motorised transport to tertiary health facility’, ‘Waiting time for (tertiary) transport’, and ‘Age’. Non-Motorised transport includes bicycle, animal and on foot, opposed to motorised transport (public and private motorised transport). Ethnicity was not included in the analyses due to the relatively large number of groups. Occupation was not included since it represents socio-economic status, similar to education. Availability of transport money was not included due to the relatively large size of the group ‘not applicable’;
^cOnly statistically significant odds ratios are presented in the table

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