Table 3 Costs and Utilities
Mean | Confidence Interval | Description | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anticoagulant | ||||
Daily cost of apixaban (initial period)a | £4.39 | [36] | ||
Daily cost of apixaban (prolonged and extended)a | £2.20 | [36] | ||
Daily cost of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)/vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (initial period)b | £9.02 | [36] | ||
Daily cost of VKA (long-term and extended)b | £0.015 | [36] | ||
LMWH Administration | ||||
One off cost for self-injection education (applied to all patients) | £17.50 | £12.25–£22.75 | [35] | |
Administration (for patients unable to self-inject) | £9.04 | £6.33–£11.75 | [35] | |
Proportion of patients who are able to self-inject | 92% | 64–100% | [16] | |
Monitoring | ||||
Average INR monitoring cost | Assumption; NICE TA261 MS; NHS reference costs 2011/12, Outpatient procedures; 324 Anticoagulant Service | |||
⦁ First 3 months | £122.18 | |||
⦁ Subsequent 3 months | £58.72 | |||
VTE events | ||||
DVT | £389.72 | £272.80–£506.64 | NICE TA261 MS; NICE CG92, NHS reference costs 2011/2012; QZ20Z, RA24Z, RA08A, RA60A, DAPF, 180 | |
PE or VTE-related death | £1340.41 | £938.29–£1742.54 | NICE TA261 MS; NICE CG92, NHS reference costs 2011/2012; DZ09A,DZ09B,DZ09C, RA24Z, RA08A, RA60A, DAPF, 180 | |
IC bleed (acute care) | £2760.57 | £2017.43–£3252.62 | NHS reference costs 2011/2012; AA23A; AA23B | [38] |
IC bleed (maintenance) | £4387.76 | £3685.78–£5107.61 | NHS reference costs VC04Z | [38] |
IC bleed (long-term) | £672.53 | £473.01–£894.93 | [54] | |
CTEPH (acute care) | £1888.23 | £1379.02–£2225.48 | NHS reference costs 2011/2012; AA23A; AA23B | [38] |
CTEPH (long-term) | £4182.56 | £2927.79–£5437.33 | [43] | |
Non-IC major bleed | £1043.26 | £785.90–£1192.06 | NHS reference costs 2011/2012; FZ24A-C; FZ38D-F; FZ43A-C | [38] |
CRNM bleed | £133.56 | £113.86–£147.78 | NHS reference costs 2011/2012; VB07Z | |
PTS | £18.00 | £12.60–£23.40 | [35] | |
Utilities | ||||
Utility estimates | ||||
IC bleed (acute care) | 0.3300 | 0.140–0.530 | 30 days | [41] |
CTEPH (acute care) | 0.6500 | 0.400–0.890 | 30 days | [55] |
Utility decrements | ||||
Apixaban | 0.0020 | 0.000–0.0060 | Whilst on treatment | [10] |
LMWH/VKA | 0.0130 | 0.000–0.0047 | Whilst on treatment | [10] |
DVT | 0.1100 | 0.00–0.31 | 30 days | [41] |
PE | 0.3200 | 0.09–0.59 | 30 days | [41] |
Non-IC bleed | 0.3000 | 0.09–0.460 | 30 days | [41] |
CRNM bleed | 0.0054 | 0.00–0.0195 | 2 days | [42] |
PTS | 0.0700 | 0.00–0.24 | Throughout | [20] |