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Table 5 Reasons for self-referral categorized in themes

From: Motives for self-referral to the emergency department: a systematic review of the literature

Study

Country

N (total)

Percentages per theme

Ref. nr.

Author

Health concerns

Expecting investigations

Convenience of the ED

Lesser accessibility of primary care

No confidence in GP/primary care

Advice from others

Financial considerations

[13]

De Valk

The Netherlands

436

2

28

16

7

4

3

 

[33]

Hunt2

USA

990

7

 

13

11

   

[12]

Coleman

UK

255

11

48

13

5

 

43

 

[16]

O’Halloran

UK

124

11

 

30

 

21

6

 

[36]

Shah

Kuwait

1146

11

 

13

8

   

[33]

Hunt

USA

548

15

 

20

12

   

[18]

Stewart

UK

585

16

 

10

10

   

[24]

Wilkinson

UK

213

17

 

14

14

2

11

 

[22]

Rajpar

UK

54

22

4

6

50

   

[20]

Van der Linden

The Netherlands

1751

27

 

34

    

[25]

Ward

UK

339

27

  

22

4

12

 

[3]

Moll van Charante

The Netherlands

224

30

36

16

4

   

[15]

Laffoy

Ireland

395

35

18

14

   

1

[21]

Singh

UK

217

41

24

7

18

 

7

 

[35]

Lee

Hong Kong

726

44

 

12

  

-

3

[14]

McGuigan

UK

196

48

 

6

5

 

35

 

[27]

Norredam

Denmark

2746

63

  

13

   

[39]

Rassin

Israel

73

63

 

47

  

69

 

[38]

Masso

Australia

397

67

51

8

8

  

3

[31]

Northington

USA

279

74

     

42

[37]

Siminski

Australia

400

80

74

21

16

  

9

[32]

Ragin

USA

1536

95

 

87

   

25

[17]

Rieffe

The Netherlands

430

-

     

-

[29]

Grant

USA

112

-

 

-

-

  

-

[5]

Jaarsma van Leeuwen

The Netherlands

1068

 

28

 

11

3

  

[26]

Myers

UK

150

 

47

2

21

 

9

 

[23]

Shipman

UK

82

 

-

-

-

   

[28]

Mestitz

UK

770

 

-

-

    

[19]

Thomson

UK

147

  

24

    

[30]

Howard

USA

31

  

-

-

 

-

 

[34]

Koziol-McLain

USA

30

  

-

  

-

 
  1. - = Reported, but no percentages given/qualitative study