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Table 3 Results of the meta-analysis, showing per theme the number of patients and studies and the percentage of patients indicating this theme as reason for their visit to the ED

From: Motives for self-referral to the emergency department: a systematic review of the literature

Theme

Number of studies

Number of patients in these studies

% patients

95% CI (%)

I2 (%)

95% PI (%)

Health concerns

22

5564

36

23 – 50

99.7

0 – 94

Expecting investigations (radiological/blood tests)

10

1316

35

20 – 51

98.1

1 – 85

Advice of others

9

346

19

6 – 37

97.9

0 – 80

Convenience of ED

21

2939

18

11 – 26

99.5

0 – 62

Accessibility of GP

17

1744

13

9 – 18

92.4

0 – 36

Financial considerations

6

575

11

1 – 30

99.1

0 – 74

No confidence in GP

5

93

5

1 – 15

90.9

0 – 40

  1. CI Confidence Interval
  2. I2: the percentage of the total variation across studies due to heterogeneity; it takes values from 0-100% with the value of 0% indicating no observed heterogeneity
  3. PI Prediction interval: expected 95% range of outcomes, where the results of a new study would fall within