From: Individual predictors of frequent emergency department use: a scoping review
Predictive factors | Details | References |
---|---|---|
Demographic | ||
Male | ||
Female | [11] | |
Age | 75 years and older | |
Between 30 and 59 years old | [30] | |
Lower age | [41] | |
Location | Attendance at a rural ED | [11] |
Urban area (Philadelphia County) | [33] | |
Core area patients (Winnipeg Health Region) | [27] | |
Distance to ED | Less than 10 km | [6] |
More than 2 km | [37] | |
Socioeconomic | ||
Education | No high school diploma | [40] |
High school education (or less) | ||
Family status | Single parents | |
Single | [8] | |
Divorced | [8] | |
Being under guardianship | [6] | |
Number of children living in the house | [33] | |
Housing status | Homeless | |
Income | Living in lowest income areas | [27] |
Being unemployed or dependant of government welfare | [6] | |
Receiving government pension | [42] | |
Family income below the poverty threshold | [4] | |
Low socioeconomic status | [9] | |
Low income groups | [40] | |
Income of less than 10 000$ | [8] | |
Insurance | Being uninsured | |
Medicaid | ||
Medicare coverage | ||
Publicly insured | ||
Medical Assistance | [33] | |
Medi-Cal sponsored | [30] | |
Current healthcare use | Multiple visits to a specialist physician | |
Multiple visits to a primary care provider | ||
Calling a health helpline | [27] | |
Being hospitalized | ||
Outpatient visits | ||
Visiting a clinic | ||
History of past emergency department use | ||
Identifying an ED or hospital clinic as primary care site | [8] | |
Prescription medication use | ||
Access to primary healthcare services | Having a primary care provider | |
ED as primary source of care | ||
Having another regular source of care | [10] | |
Medical | ||
Mental illness | Substance abuse problems | |
Mental disorder | ||
Physical disease | ||
Chronic condition | ||
Exacerbation of chronic conditions | Sickle cell anemia, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [30] |
Fair/poor physical health | ||
Other diseases | Pulmonary disease | |
Cardiovascular disease | [10] | |
Gastrointestinal disease | [10] | |
Cancer | [10] | |
Medical scores | Severe rating on MIDAS | |
Lower role physical domain | [41] | |
Higher DRG severity score | [23] |