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Table 4 Logistic regression for prescription access among adults with kidney disease (KD) by geographical status

From: Geographic variation in access among adults with kidney disease: evidence from medical expenditure panel survey, 2002–2011

Variables

Odds ratio

95 % CI

p value

Primary independent variables

 Northeast (ref)

 Midwest

0.77

0.47–1.24

0.284

 South

0.68

0.46–1.0

0.051

 West

0.64

0.40–1.02

0.064

Covariates

Age

   

 Age 18–44 (ref)

 Age 45–64

1.21

0.83–1.76

0.310

 Age 65–85

2.6***

1.65–4.06

<0.001

Gender

   

 Female

0.85

0.64–1.13

0.278

Race/ethnicity

   

 Non-Hispanic White (ref)

 Non-Hispanic Black

1.13

0.80–1.61

0.463

 Hispanic

1.5*

1.0–2.18

0.049

 Others

0.97

0.51–1.82

0.934

Marital Status

   

 Married (ref)

 Not married a

0.57**

0.39–0.82

0.003

 Never married

0.84

0.54–1.29

0.436

Education

   

  < High school (ref)

 High school

1.26

0.87–1.81

0.209

 College or more

1.43

0.98–2.09

0.059

Insurance Status

   

 Private (ref)

 Public insured

0.77

0.53–1.11

0.164

 Uninsured

0.36***

0.23–0.56

<0.001

MSA status

   

 MSA

0.95

0.66–1.36

0.807

Poverty Category

   

 Poor/NEA (ref)

 Low Income

1.14

0.75–1.72

0.519

 Middle Income

1.14

0.77–1.70

0.500

 High Income

1.22

0.75–1.96

0.408

Chronic Conditions b

   

 Diabetes

0.67*

0.50–0.91

0.011

 Hypertension

0.72

0.51–1.0

0.051

 CVD

0.80

0.57–1.13

0.214

 Stroke

1.06

0.70–1.61

0.763

 Emphysema

0.88

0.47–1.65

0.705

 Joint Pain

0.55***

0.39–0.76

<0.001

 Arthritis

1.05

0.75–1.45

0.759

 Asthma

0.51**

0.35–0.75

0.001

Year

   

 Year 2002/03 (ref)

 Year 2004/05

1.30

0.87–1.94

0.193

 Year 2006/07

1.65*

1.08–2.52

0.019

 Year 2008/09

2.02**

1.32–3.10

0.001

 Year 2010/11

1.50

0.96–2.35

0.074

  1. *Level of significance p < 0.05; **level of significance p < 0.01, ***level of significance p < 0.001
  2. aNon-married stands for widowed/divorced and separated
  3. bReference for each chronic conditions was not having that specific condition