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Table 3 Logistic regression model for medical access to care among adults with kidney disease (KD) by geographical status

From: Geographic variation in access among adults with kidney disease: evidence from medical expenditure panel survey, 2002–2011

Variables

Odds ratio

95 % CI

p value

Primary independent variables

 Northeast (ref)

 Midwest

0.60**

0.40–0.88

0.009

 South

0.62**

0.44–0.88

0.008

 West

0.50***

0.34–0.72

<0.001

Covariates

Age

   

 Age 18–44 (ref)

 Age 45–64

1.80***

1.39–2.32

<0.001

 Age 65–85

2.70***

1.91–3.82

<0.001

Gender

   

 Female

1.22*

1.0–1.48

0.048

Race/ethnicity

   

 Non-Hispanic White (ref)

 Non-Hispanic Black

1.10

0.78–1.54

0.578

 Hispanic

0.99

0.72–1.36

0.975

 Others

0.55**

0.35–0.85

0.009

Marital Status

   

 Married (ref)

 Not married a

0.65**

0.50–0.85

0.002

 Never married

0.62**

0.47–0.83

0.001

Education

   

  < High school (ref)

 High school

0.95

0.72–1.26

0.769

 College or more

0.91

0.68–1.21

0.542

Insurance Status

   

 Private (ref)

 Public insured

1.04

0.79–1.37

0.754

 Uninsured

0.22***

0.16–0.30

<0.001

MSA status

   

 MSA

1.0

0.76–1.33

0.945

Poverty Category

   

 Poor/NEA (ref)

 Low Income

1.11

0.78–1.56

0.547

 Middle Income

1.25

0.93–1.68

0.124

 High Income

1.46*

1.05–2.03

0.024

Chronic Conditions b

   

 Diabetes

1.0

0.74–1.34

0.749

 Hypertension

1.52***

1.20–1.93

<0.001

 CVD

1.08

0.85–1.38

0.510

 Stroke

0.88

0.59–0.94

0.437

 Emphysema

0.70

0.39–1.26

0.241

 Joint Pain

0.75*

0.59–0.94

0.014

 Arthritis

1.19

0.92–1.54

0.166

 Asthma

0.92

0.67–1.26

0.626

Year

   

 Year 2002/03 (ref)

 Year 2004/05

0.99

0.70–1.40

0.975

 Year 2006/07

0.93

0.66–1.32

0.715

 Year 2008/09

0.95

0.68–1.31

0.770

 Year 2010/11

0.88

0.63–1.24

0.491

  1. *Level of significance p < 0.05; **level of significance p < 0.01, ***level of significance p < 0.001
  2. aNon-married stands for widowed/divorced and separated
  3. bReference for each chronic conditions was not having that specific condition