From: Patient activation in Europe: an international comparison of psychometric properties and patients’ scores on the short form Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13)
PAM score
Danish
Dutch
German
Norwegian
F
PAM unadjusted
64.1 (0.80)
61.2 (0.34)
67.2 (0.66)
66.3 (0.29)
49.66*
PAM adjusted
62.1 (0.79)
61.4 (0.33)
63.7 (0.68)
67.4 (0.30)
63.42*