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Table 3 Correlates of poora self-rated health among Indian Americans in the United States (n = 1,824)

From: Perceived discrimination and health outcomes among Asian Indians in the United States

 

No. poor self-rated healtha/No. in category (nb = 128/892)

Bivariatec OR (95 % CI)

Adjustedd OR (95 % CI)

Perceived discriminationa

 No

109/714

12.8 %

Reference

Reference

 Yes

19/50

25.1 %

2.29***

(1.48–3.54)

1.93*

(1.17–3.19)

Sex

 Male

81/500

13.2 %

Reference

Reference

 Female

47/264

14.5 %

1.12

(0.84–1.49)

1.02

(0.73–1.42)

Age

 18–34

21/176

11.8 %

Reference

Reference

 35–44

35/215

11.9 %

1.01

(0.65–1.57)

0.71

(0.43–1.18)

 45–54

34/163

17.2 %

1.56+

(1.00–2.43)

0.84

(0.47–1.49)

  ≥ 55

38/210

14.0 %

1.22

(0.80–1.87)

0.48*

(0.26–0.89)

Annual household income

  < $25,000

21/60

20.9 %

Reference

Reference

 $25,000–$74,999

28/224

11.9 %

0.51*

(0.31–0.85)

0.56*

(0.32–1.00)

 $75,000–$99,999

27/178

12.7 %

0.55*

(0.33–0.93)

0.74

(0.37–1.47)

  ≥ $100,000+

52/302

13.2 %

0.58*

(0.37–0.90)

0.74

(0.38–1.43)

Education

  ≤ High school graduate

16/41

18.9 %

Reference

Reference

 College graduate

72/402

13.8 %

0.69

(0.43–1.09)

0.93

(0.52–1.67)

  > College

40/321

12.2 %

0.60*

(0.37–0.95)

0.84

(0.45–1.57)

Marital status

 Married

27/76

14.1 %

Reference

Reference

 Formerly Married

101/688

12.3 %

0.84

(0.36–1.93)

0.65

(0.26–1.59)

 Never Married

 

8.0 %

0.52

(0.25–1.13)

0.59

(0.25–1.38)

Have health insurance

121/691

     

 No

3/28

20.8 %

Reference

Reference

 Yes

4/45

12.5 %

0.54**

(0.37–0.80)

0.56*

(0.35–0.92)

Body mass indexe

 Underweight/normal

56/446

11.0 %

Reference

Reference

 Overweight

54/275

14.6 %

1.39*

(1.01–1.90)

1.23

(0.88–1.71)

 Obese

18/43

28.0 %

3.14***

(2.03–4.88)

2.13**

(1.32–3.42)

Current tobacco user

 No

114/721

13.1 %

Reference

Reference

 Yes

14/43

22.7 %

1.95**

(1.23–3.10)

1.80*

(1.09–2.98)

Years lived in U.S.

  < 10 years

32/253

11.9 %

Reference

Reference

  ≥ 10 years

96/511

14.6 %

1.27

(0.93–1.72)

1.35

(0.86–2.12)

English proficiency

 Very/Pretty well

213/1,635

13.0 %

Reference

Reference

 Not too well/Not at all

37/189

19.4 %

0.62*

(0.41–0.96)

0.93

(0.48–1.80)

Chronic illness

Mean

SD

    

 Received poor treatment

1.6

1.5

1.44***

(1.30–1.60)

1.46***

(1.28–1.66)

  1. Abbreviations: No. denotes number, OR denotes odds ratios, CI denotes confidence interval, SD denotes standard deviation
  2. Notes: aIncludes poor/fair responses. bN was calculated based on the estimated proportion. cBivariate ORs reflect the association between Fair/Poor vs. good/very good/excellent and each of the covariates separately. dAdjusted ORs reflect the association between Fair/Poor vs. good/very good/excellent, adjusting for all of the other variables. eUnderweight/normal (<24.9 kg/m2); Overweight (25.00–29.9 kg//m2) Obese (≥30 kg/m2). P-values: +p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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