Table 2 Leadership styles in relation to position, profession and gender

TFL

3.31 (0.33)

3.3 (0.3)

3.34 (0.32)

3.24 (0.31)

3.24 (0.31)

3.32 (0.32)

Charisma/Inspirational

3.32 (0.34)

3.32 (0.29)

3.36 (0.32)

3.27 (0.31)

3.26 (0.33)

3.34 (0.31)

Inspirational motivation

3.31 (0.39)

3.28 (0.37)

3.35 (0.38)

3.22 (0.38)

3.21 (0.37)

3.33 (0.38)

Intellectual motivation

3.26 (0.39)

3.23 (0.38)

3.3 (0.39)

3.17 (0.37)

3.2 (0.38)

3.26 (0.39)

Individualized consideration

3.26 (0.39)

3.18 (0.35)

3.31 (0.36)

3.09 (0.37)

3.13 (0.35)

3.26 (0.38)

Behavioural influence

3.47 (0.38)

3.53 (0.32)

3.5 (0.38)

3.49 (0.32)

3.47 (0.36)

3.5 (0.36)

Attributed influence

3.17 (0.36)

3.12 (0.35)

3.21 (0.35)

3.06 (0.35)

3.07 (0.37)

3.18 (0.34)

TRL

3.34 (0.38)

3.28 (0.32)

3.38 (0.35)

3.2 (0.34)

3.18 (0.36)

3.35 (0.34)

Contingent reward

3.43 (0.45)

3.41 (0.35)

3.48 (0.42)

3.34 (0.37)

3.26 (0.44)

3.48 (0.38)

Passive management by exception

1.06 (0.63)

1.05 (0.49)

1.03 (0.6)

1.08 (0.53)

1.24 (0.53)

0.99 (0.58)

Active management by exception

3.05 (0.51)

3.03 (0.47)

3.07 (0.5)

2.99 (0.48)

2.91 (0.5)

3.08 (0.49)

CAL

1.82 (0.42)

1.73 (0.27)

1.79 (0.41)

1.76 (0.28)

1.81 (0.32)

1.77 (0.38)

Laissez faire

1.47 (0.56)

1.26 (0.42)

1.4 (0.54)

1.33 (0.47)

1.4 (0.54)

1.37 (0.51)

Passive management by exception

1.29 (0.57)

1.17 (0.39)

1.24 (0.54)

1.23 (0.43)

1.33 (0.48)

1.21 (0.5)

Satisfaction

3.05 (0.4)

2.98 (0.36)

3.08 (0.38)

2.91 (0.38)

2.96 (0.35)

3.04 (0.39)

Efficiency

3.02 (0.4)

3.02 (0.37)

3.03 (0.39)

3 (0.38)

2.91 (0.37)

3.05 (0.38)

Extra effort

3.03 (0.43)

2.95 (0.39)

3.04 (0.41)

2.91 (0.4)

2.91 (0.39)

3.02 (0.42)