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Table 5 Adjusted multilevel logistic regression models of health centre and client level factors associated with top quartile delivery of guideline-scheduled laboratory tests (N = 15,622 clients, 162 health centres)

From: Improvement in delivery of type 2 diabetes services differs by mode of care: a retrospective longitudinal analysis in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care setting

 

Model A empty

Model B adjusted

Model C adjusted

 

Fixed effects

OR (95 % CI)

ORs (95 % CI)

ORs (95 % CI)

Audit Year

2005/2006

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

2007

0.86 (0.71–1.05)

0.77 (0.62–0.95)*

0.80 (0.65–0.99)*

2008

0.87 (0.72–1.04)

0.76 (0.61–0.93)**

0.80 (0.65–0.99)*

2009

1.08 (0.90–1.29)

0.92 (0.74–1.14)

0.94 (0.75–1.17)

2010

1.23 (1.02–1.49)*

1.03 (0.82–1.30)

1.03 (0.82–1.30)

2011

0.81 (0.69–0.97)**

0.73 (0.58–0.92)**

0.72 (0.57–0.91)**

2012

1.26 (1.05–1.50)*

1.01 (0.77–1.32)

0.99 (0.75–1.29)

2013

1.67 (1.40–2.00)**

1.28 (0.96–1.70)

1.22 (0.92–1.63)

2014

1.82 (1.45–2.28)**

1.49 (1.08–2.06)*

1.44 (1.04–1.99)*

Health Centre Characteristics

Location X duration of CQI participation

 Non-remote

Baseline

 

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1–2 cycles

 

1.03 (0.82–1.28)

0.99 (0.79–1.23)

≥3 cycles

 

0.91 (0.66–1.26)

0.87 (0.63–1.21)

 Remote

Baseline

 

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1–2 cycles

 

4.43 (3.06–6.41)**

4.59 (3.17–6.63)**

≥3 cycles

 

4.68 (3.07–7.14)**

4.84 (3.18–7.37)**

 Governance

Community-Controlled

 

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Government operated

 

0.76 (0.53–1.08)

0.78 (0.55–1.11)

 Service population

≤500

 

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

>500- < 1000

 

1.24 (0.88–1.76)

1.23 (0.87–1.73)

≥1000

 

1.16 (0.84–1.61)

1.17 (0.84–1.61)

 % Clients attending in past 6 months

<97 %

 

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

≥97 %

 

1.39 (1.26–1.54)**

1.38 (1.25–1.53)**

Client Characteristics

 Sex

Male

  

1.00 (reference)

Female

  

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

 Age

≥15- < 25

  

1.00 (reference)

≥25- < 40

  

1.12 (0.85–1.47)

≥40- < 55

  

1.27 (0.97–1.67)

≥55

  

1.39 (1.06–1.82)*

 Indigenous Status

Non-Indigenous

  

1.00 (reference)

Indigenous

  

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

 Comorbidity

None

  

1.00 (reference)

One or more

  

1.38 (1.27–1.51)**

 Complications

None

  

1.00 (reference)

1–2 complications

  

1.18 (1.06–1.32)**

>2 complications

  

1.24 (1.03–1.48)*

Random effects (intercepts)

 

State (variance (SE))

0.51 (0.37)

0.16 (0.13)

0.15 (0.12)

MORSTATE

1.97

1.46

1.44

 PCV (% explained variance)

-

70 %

72 %

 Health Centre (variance (SE))

0.96 (0.14)

0.56 (0.09)

0.55 (0.09)

 

MORHC

2.55

2.04

2.02

 PCV (% explained variance)

-

42 %

43 %

 State & Health Centre (variance)

1.470

0.717

0.692

 

MORSTATE-HC

3.18

2.24

2.21

 PCV (% explained variance)

-

52 %

53 %

 

Patient (variance (SE))

0.39 (0.14)

0.19 (0.06)

0.11 (0.03)

  1. MOR (Median odds ratio): odds of receiving ‘top quartile’ service delivery if patient was to change health centre or jurisdiction; PCV (Proportional change in variance): percent variation explained in odds for better health care delivery by introduction of health centre or patient level factors
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. **p = <0.01