Table 5 Prognostic factors influencing mortality rates among hospitalized, Thai, adult, CKD patients

 Female

66,134

6814 (10.3)

1

1

 Male

62,204

6941 (11.2)

1.09 (1.06–1.13)

<0.001

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

0.17

 19–30

1869

189 (10.1)

1

1

 31–40

4135

400 (9.7)

0.95 (0.79–1.14)

0.60

1.16 (0.95–1.42)

0.15

 41–50

10,556

1127 (10.7)

1.06 (0.90–1.25)

0.47

1.28 (1.07–1.54)

0.008

 51–60

23,073

2318 (10.0)

0.99 (0.85–1.16)

0.93

1.21 (1.01–1.44)

0.039

 61–70

32,837

3277 (10.0)

0.99 (0.84–1.15)

0.85

1.25 (1.05–1.50)

0.013

 71–80

37,727

4039 (10.7)

1.07 (0.91–1.24)

0.42

1.40 (1.18–1.68)

<0.001

  > 80

18,141

2405 (13.3)

1.36 (1.16–1.59)

<0.001

1.82 (1.52–2.19)

<0.001

 CSMBS

24,767

3080 (12.4)

1

1

 UCS

98,727

10,253 (10.4)

0.82 (0.78–0.85)

<0.001

1.13 (1.07–1.20)

<0.001

 SHI

4844

422 (8.7)

0.67 (0.60–0.75)

<0.001

0.87 (0.76–0.99)

0.038

 Community

56,151

3384 (6.0)

1

1

 General

30,156

4091 (13.6)

2.45 (2.33–2.57)

<0.001

1.58 (1.50–1.68)

<0.001

 Tertiary

36,274

5634 (15.5)

2.87 (2.74–3.00)

<0.001

1.62 (1.53–1.71)

<0.001

 Private

5757

646 (11.2)

1.97 (1.80–2.15)

<0.001

1.51 (1.35–1.68)

<0.001

 First quartile (<5550/< 163)

32,090

701 (2.2)

1

1

 Second quartile (5550–13,271/163–390)

32,079

2028 (6.3)

3.02 (2.77–3.30)

<0.001

2.08 (1.90–2.28)

<0.001

 Third quartile (13,272–34,502/390–1015)

32,085

3680 (11.5)

5.80 (5.34–6.30)

<0.001

2.98 (2.72–3.26)

<0.001

 Fourth quartile (>34,502/> 1015)

32,084

7346 (22.9)

13.30 (12.28–14.39)

<0.001

4.43 (4.03–4.88)

<0.001

Onetime admission/Multiple admission

80,764/47,574

7514 (9.3)/6241 (13.1)

1.47 (1.42–1.53)

<0.001

0.64 (0.61–0.68)

<0.001

CKD diagnosed as primary/secondary

30,731/97,607

2991 (9.7)/10,764 (11.0)

1.15 (1.10–1.20)

<0.001

0.95 (0.90–1.01)

0.11

ESRD (yes/no)

34,234/94,104

5405 (15.8)/8350 (8.9)

1.93 (1.86–2.00)

<0.001

1.49 (1.42–1.57)

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)

58,427/69,911

6795 (11.6)/6960 (10.0)

1.19 (1.15–1.23)

<0.001

1.12 (1.08–1.17)

<0.001

 Ischemic heart disease (yes/no)

19,264/109,074

3178 (16.5)/10,577 (9.7)

1.84 (1.76–1.92)

<0.001

1.43 (1.35–1.51)

<0.001

 Heart failure (yes/no)

18,174/110,164

3277 (18.0)/10,478 (9.5)

2.09 (2.01–2.18)

<0.001

1.38 (1.31–1.46)

<0.001

 Sepsis (yes/no)

16,792/111,546

6146 (36.6)/7609 (6.8)

7.89 (7.58–8.20)

<0.001

4.28 (4.09–4.48)

<0.001

 Pneumonia (yes/no)

13,247/115,091

3860 (29.1)/9895 (8.6)

4.37 (4.19–4.56)

<0.001

1.59 (1.51–1.68)

<0.001

 Acute renal failure (yes/no)

11,367/116,971

2972 (26.1)/10,783 (9.2)

3.49 (3.33–3.65)

<0.001

1.44 (1.36–1.52)

<0.001

 Stroke (yes/no)

9527/118,811

2071 (21.7)/11,684 (9.8)

2.55 (2.42–2.68)

<0.001

1.85 (1.73–1.96)

<0.001

 Respiratory failure (yes/no)

10,596/117,742

4707 (44.4)/9048 (7.7)

9.60 (9.19–10.03)

<0.001

3.64 (3.45–3.83)

<0.001

 Anemia requiring blood

 Transfusion (yes/no)

38,730/89,608

5916 (15.3)/7839 (8.7)

1.88 (1.81–1.95)

<0.001

1.03 (0.98–1.07)

0.28

 Hyperkalemia (yes/no)

19,165/109,173

3728 (19.5)/10,027 (9.2)

2.39 (2.29–2.49)

<0.001

1.48 (1.40–1.55)

<0.001

 Volume overload (yes/no)

15,213/113,125

2,831 (18.6)/10,924 (9.7)

2.14 (2.04–2.24)

<0.001

1.23 (1.16–1.31)

<0.001

 Metabolic acidosis (yes/no)

10,561/117,777

2,799 (26.5)/10,956 (9.3)

3.52 (3.35–3.69)

<0.001

1.72 (1.62–1.82)

<0.001

 Hemodialysis (yes/no)

12,175/116,163

2,516 (20.7)/11,239 (9.7)

2.43 (2.32–2.55)

<0.001

0.90 (0.85–0.96)

0.002

 Peritoneal dialysis (yes/no)

3,509/124,829

717 (20.4)/13,038 (10.4)

2.20 (2.02–2.39)

<0.001

0.87 (0.78–0.96)

0.006