Table 1 Characteristics of CKD patients by the main three health schemes

Number of adult patients (persons)

98,727

24,767

4844

Number of admissions (times)

185,161

42,348

8930

Age (mean ± SD)

66.55 ± 13.36

72.23 ± 11.46

46.99 ± 12.16

Sex (male/female)

1/1.15

1/0.88

1/0.58

 N/NE/C/S

21.4/46.2/24.2/8.2

17.4/32.6/39.5/10.5

11.6/11.2/71.2/6.1

 Community hospital

49.95

27.24

1.84

 General hospital

23.58

24.49

16.72

 Tertiary hospital

22.92

48.14

35.61

 Private hospital

3.55

0.13

45.83

Onetime admission/Multiple admission (%)

62.6/37.4

64.8/35.2

60.0/40.0

CKD diagnosed as primary/secondary (%)

24.4/75.6

19.9/80.1

35.1/64.9

Proportion of ESRD ((%)

24.19

31.63

52.06

Common co-morbidities (%)

 Hypertension

56.91

67.90

63.79

 Diabetes mellitus

45.08

49.09

36.50

 Hyperlipidemia

17.19

25.05

20.05

 Ischemic heart disease

13.49

21.68

11.91

 Heart failure

14.28

13.95

12.70

 Gout

10.49

13.17

6.44

 Sepsis

12.78

14.71

10.90

 Pneumonia

9.94

12.25

8.20

 Acute kidney injury

8.59

10.26

7.23

 Diarrhea

8.63

8.34

7.51

 Stroke

6.51

11.41

5.66

 Respiratory failure

8.53

7.85

4.81

Complications (%)

 Anemia requiring blood transfusion

31.86

23.24

31.32

 Hyperkalemia

15.95

11.56

11.50

 Volume overload

12.44

8.96

14.80

 Metabolic acidosis

9.20

5.04

4.81

Dialysis treatment (% of admissions)

 Hemodialysis

6.97

16.64

24.15

 Peritoneal dialysis

2.98

1.86

2.15

Overall mortality rate (%)

10.39

12.44

8.71

Mortality rate in different hospital levels (%)

 Community/General/Tertiary/Private

3.7/14.9/17.5/13.2

5.9/14.5/15.1/15.2

7.9/8.04/10.4/7.6