Table 1 Primary and secondary outcome measures for visit 0, 4, 12, 24, 52
Variable | Instrument |
|---|---|
Primary outcome variable | |
 Glycaemic control | HbA1c |
Secondary outcome variable | |
 Glycaemic control | Fasting plasma glucose |
 Blood lipids | Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides |
 Kidney function | Creatinine |
 Blood pressure | Measured twice using A&D UA-767 Plus BT-C blood pressure device on the same arm. |
 Blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate | Spo2; using Nonin Oximeter II Model 9560 on the right index finger. |
 Body Mass Index (BMI) | Calculated from height and weight measured by research staff. |
 Self-efficacy | Self-efficacy scale [46] |
 Diabetes distress | Diabetes distress scale [37] |
 Diabetes self-care | Diabetes self-care activities questionnaire [38] |
 Quality of life | EQ-5D [40] |
 Healthcare utilization | Self-reported using healthcare utilization questionnaire [39] |
 Smoking | Self-reported |
 Co-morbidities | Self-reported |