Table 2 Differences between the utilization of inpatient and outpatient care/non-utilization of inpatient and outpatient care groups, 2008 (n = 13,798)
Inpatient care | Outpatient care | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Utilization group | Non-utilization group | Chi square | Utilization group | Non-utilization group | Chi square | |||||
(n = 818) | (n = 12,980) | p-value | (n = 9,377) | (n = 4,421) | p-value | |||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |||
Gender | ||||||||||
Men | 342 | (41.8) | 6,242 | (48.1) | <0.001 | 3,813 | (40.7) | 2,771 | (62.7) | <0.001 |
Women | 476 | (58.2) | 6,738 | (51.9) | 5,564 | (59.3) | 1,650 | (37.3) | ||
Age | ||||||||||
20–29 | 72 | (8.8) | 1,871 | (14.4) | <0.001 | 830 | (8.9) | 1,113 | (25.1) | <0.001 |
30–39 | 140 | (17.1) | 2,753 | (21.2) | 1,667 | (17.8) | 1,226 | (27.7) | ||
40–49 | 125 | (15.3) | 2,828 | (21.8) | 1,869 | (19.8) | 1,084 | (24.5) | ||
50–59 | 125 | (15.3) | 2,256 | (17.4) | 1,824 | (19.5) | 557 | (12.7) | ||
60 or older | 356 | (43.5) | 3,272 | (25.2) | 3,187 | (34.0) | 441 | (10.0) | ||
Chronic disease | ||||||||||
Yes | 600 | (73.4) | 5,874 | (45.3) | <0.001 | 6,088 | (64.9) | 386 | (8.7) | <0.001 |
No | 218 | (26.6) | 7,106 | (54.7) | 3,289 | (35.1) | 4,035 | (91.3) | ||
Marital status | ||||||||||
Single | 55 | (6.7) | 2,245 | (17.3) | <0.001 | 859 | (9.2) | 1,441 | (32.6) | <0.001 |
Married couple | 619 | (75.7) | 9,336 | (71.9) | 7,207 | (76.8) | 2,748 | (61.1) | ||
Divorced or Separated | 40 | (4.9) | 352 | (2.7) | 295 | (3.2) | 97 | (2.2) | ||
Separation by death | 104 | (12.7) | 1,047 | (8.1) | 1,016 | (10.8) | 135 | (3.1) | ||
Education | ||||||||||
Elementary School or less | 283 | (34.5) | 2,672 | (20.6) | <0.001 | 2,554 | (27.2) | 401 | (9.1) | <0.001 |
Middle School to associate | 101 | (12.4) | 1,464 | (11.3) | 1,257 | (13.4) | 308 | (7.0) | ||
High School to associate | 238 | (29.1) | 4,224 | (32.5) | 2,926 | (31.2) | 1,536 | (34.7) | ||
Bachelor’s Degree or higher | 196 | (24.0) | 4,620 | (35.6) | 2,640 | (28.2) | 2,176 | (49.2) | ||
Household income | ||||||||||
4st quartile (highest) | 294 | (35.9) | 3,256 | (25.1) | <0.001 | 2,708 | (28.8) | 842 | (19.1) | <0.001 |
3st quartile | 185 | (22.6) | 3,286 | (25.3) | 2,269 | (24.2) | 1,202 | (27.2) | ||
2st quartile | 175 | (21.4) | 3,215 | (24.8) | 2,161 | (23.1) | 1,229 | (27.8) | ||
1st quartile (lowest) | 164 | (20.1) | 3,223 | (24.8) | 2,239 | (23.9) | 1,148 | (25.9) | ||
Healthcare covered by NHI | ||||||||||
Yes | 728 | (89.0) | 12,479 | (96.1) | <0.001 | 8,878 | (94.6) | 4,329 | (97.9) | <0.001 |
No (medical aid) | 90 | (11.0) | 501 | (3.9) | 499 | (5.4) | 92 | (2.1) | ||
Purchase of PHI | ||||||||||
Yes | 605 | (73.9) | 10,378 | (80.0) | <0.001 | 7,291 | (77.7) | 3,692 | (83.5) | <0.001 |
No | 213 | (26.1) | 2,602 | (20.0) | 2,086 | (22.3) | 729 | (16.5) | ||
Type of insurance | ||||||||||
Covered by only NHI | 157 | (6.41) | 2,291 | (93.59) | <0.001 | 1,775 | (72.51) | 673 | (27.49) | <0.001 |
Covered by only the medical aid | 56 | (15.26) | 311 | (84.74) | 311 | (84.74) | 56 | (15.26) | ||
Covered by both NHI and PHI | 571 | (5.31) | 10,188 | (94.69) | 7,103 | (66.02) | 3,656 | (33.98) | ||
Covered by both the medical aid and PHI | 34 | (15.18) | 190 | (84.82) | 188 | (83.93) | 36 | (16.07) | ||