Table 2 Characteristics of the study population
Total (n = 656) | Finland (n = 346) | Germany (n = 60) | Iceland (n = 103) | Netherlands (n = 147) | Test statistics | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age (SD) | 83.2 (7.2) | 83 (7.2) | 84.1 (8.0) | 84.7 (6.2) | 82.2 (7.2) | F = 2.97 | 0.03 |
Female (n, %) | 439 (67 %) | 231 (67 %) | 38 (63 %) | 71 (69 %) | 99 (67 %) | χ 2 = 0.55 | 0.91 |
Living alone (n, %) | 472 (72 %) | 277 (80 %) | 36 (60 %) | 65 (63 %) | 94 (64 %) | χ 2 = 24.17 | <0.01 |
Cognitive impairment (CPS ≥ 3) (n, %) | 61 (9 %) | 40 (12 %) | 13 (22 %) | 6 (6 %) | 2 (1 %) | χ 2 = 25.44 | <0.01 |
Depressive symptoms (DRS ≥ 3) (n, %) | 82 (13 %) | 25 (7 %) | 7 (12 %) | 12 (12 %) | 38 (26 %) | χ 2 = 32.86 | <0.01 |
Mean ADLH score (SD) | 0.8 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.9) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.7 (1.4) | F = 31.55 | <0.01 |
Mean iADLH score (SD) | 25.4 (12.8) | 27.3 (12.6) | 27.8 (16.3) | 23.5 (11.1) | 21.3 (11.8) | F = 8.52 | <0.01 |
Pain (Pain Scale > 0) (n, %) | 392 (60 %) | 226 (66 %) | 19 (32 %) | 69 (67 %) | 78 (53 %) | χ 2 = 29.75 | <0.01 |
Multimorbidity (n, %) | 376 (57 %) | 208 (60 %) | 23 (38 %) | 63 (61 %) | 82 (56 %) | χ 2 = 10.71 | 0.01 |
Having an informal caregiver (n, %) | χ 2 = 137.15 | <0.01 | |||||
No caregiver present | 81 (12 %) | 58 (17 %) | 6 (10 %) | 0 (0 %) | 17 (12 %) | ||
One caregiver | 235 (36 %) | 157 (45 %) | 37 (62 %) | 3 (3 %) | 38 (26 %) | ||
Two or more caregivers | 340 (52 %) | 131 (38 %) | 17 (28 %) | 100 (97 %) | 92 (63 %) |