The economic evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccination strategies against cervical cancer in women in Lao PDR: a mathematical modelling approach

Table 3 The effectiveness, total cost, and incremental cost-effectiveness by vaccination strategy against cervical cancer due to HPV types 16 and 18

Number	Options	Total cost per 1000 women	Cancer per 1000 women	Cancer reduction (%)	DALY averted per 1000 women	Cost-effective ratio (cancer reduction)	Cost-effective ratio (DALY averted)	ICER (cancer reduction)	ICER (DALY averted)
1.	No vaccination with current screening	4497	3.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
2.	10 years old girls	21,599	0.7	77.9	31.1	8000	695	6334	550
3.	10 years old girls + catch-up girls aged 11–25 years old	27,807	0.4	86.8	35.1	9269	792	20,693	1559
4.	10 years old girls + boys	38,030	0.6	81.3	32.6	13,582	1167	D	D
5.	10 years old girls + catch-up girls aged 11–75 years old	39,059	0.3	91.4	37.0	12,600	1056	112,520	5840
6.	10 years old girls + boys + catch-up girls aged 11–25 years old	44,263	0.4	87.4	35.3	14,754	1254	D	D
7.	10 years old girls + boys + catch-up girls and boys aged 11–25 years old	50,210	0.4	88.7	35.9	16,737	1399	D	D
8.	10 years old girls + boys + catch-up girls aged 11–75 years old	55,520	0.3	91.4	37.0	17,910	1501	D	D
9.	10 years old girls + boys + catch-up girls and boys aged 11–75 years old	72,723	0.3	91.8	37.2	23,459	1955	D	168,320

Note: The cost-effectiveness ratio was a comparison of an option and the baseline scenarios (no vaccination with current screening). The incremental cost of effectiveness ratio expressed as cancer prevented or DALY averted is listed in order of increasing cost. In non-dominant strategy, the ICER was calculated by devising different cost to different effectiveness. ICERs is comparing the option to the next best alternative option. The D refers to strong dominance, which is expressed as higher cost, but lower effectiveness than alternative options. The currency is 2013 international dollars, using purchasing power parity
The GDP per capita in 2013 was about 4822 international dollars [30]

ISSN: 1472-6963