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Table 3 Healthcare Utilization by socioeconomic indicators among men (Age –adjusted (except age category) odds ratios (OR) from multinomial logistic regression and their standard errors (SE)), SAGE Wave 1, Ghana

From: Effect of socio-economic factors in utilization of different healthcare services among older adult men and women in Ghana

Variables

Private

Charity

Traditional

Pharmacy

Others

(Se)

Age category

 50–60

1

1

1

1

1

 

 60 and more

1.097 (0.163)

1.058 (0.266)

1.199 (0.359)

0.665c (0.151)

0.800a (0.126)

 

Income

 Quintile1

1

1

1

1

1

 

 Quintile2

2.205b (0.354)

0.731 (0.532)

1.133 (0.606)

1.124 (0.260)

0.946 (0.213)

 

 Quintile3

2.622c (0.317)

1.200 (0.454)

1.725b (0.412)

0.946 (0.261)

0.888 (0.237)

 

 Quintile4

2.232c (0.303)

0.912 (0.381)

0.898 (0.395)

0.627a (0.265)

0.735 (0.223)

 

 Quintile5

4.604c (0.296)

0.426a (0.478)

0.237b (0.614)

0.369b (0.269)

0701 (0.231)

 

Education

 Not educated

1

1

1

1

1

 

 Primary

1.276 (0.224)

0.709 (0.489)

0.899 (0.344)

0.787 (0.189)

0.801 (0.174)

 

 Secondary

2.075c (0.236)

1.742 (0.368)

0.925 (0.387)

1.105 (0.186)

1.033 (0.160)

 

 Tertiary

1.909a (0.396)

1.870 (0.694)

0.549 (0.747)

0.371b (0.454)

0.387c (0.333)

 

Insurance

 No

1

1

1

1

1

 

 Yes

0.856 (0.192)

2.602c (0.314)

0.445c (0.302)

0.397c (0.184)

0.568c (0.129)

 

Employment

 Public

1

1

1

1

1

 

 Private

1.837a (0.364)

0.858 (0.629)

0.986 (0.897)

1.621 (0.314)

1.348 (0.338))

 

 Self-employed

1.502 (0.265)

0.978 (0.417)

2.502a (0.484)

2.521c (0.251)

2.306c (0.188)

 

 Informal

0.831 (0.540)

2.776a (0.558)

1.608 (0.749)

2.232b (0.376)

2.032c (0.271)

 

Health status

 Very good

1

 

1

1

1

 

 Good

1.461 (0.435)

0.806 (0.701)

0.437 (0.636)

0.284c (0.268)

0.833 (0.281)

 

 Moderate

1.318 (0.423)

0.972 (0.699)

0.552 (0.665)

0.242c (0.285)

0.570b (0.271)

 

 Bad

0.909 (0.488)

2.149 (0.715)

0.913 (0.753)

0.376c (0.307)

0.383c (0.332)

 

 Very bad

0.869 (0.899)

2.921 (0.956)

0.322 (1.186)

0.203c (0.611)

0.918 (0.483)

 
  1. a, b and c indicates 1, 5 and 10 % significance level respectively