Table 3 Validity of the top five published low-value care measures
From: Are low-value care measures up to the task? A systematic review of the literature
| Â | Preoperative cardiac tests for non-cardiac low-risk surgery | Antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections | Imaging for low-back pain | Cervical cancer screening | Imaging for sinusitis diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of measures included in review a | 4 (measure no.: 42–44, 48) | 7 (measure no.: 57–59, 62, 63, 65, 66) | 8 (measure no.: 2–9) | 3 (measure no.: 110–112) | 4 (measure no.: 33, 35, 36, 59) |
Measure criteria b | |||||
 Face validity c | Yes: level of evidence is 2 | Yes, level of evidence is 1 | Yes, level of evidence is 1 | Yes, level of evidence is 2 | Yes, level of evidence is 2 |
 Coding/criterion validity | Not found | Not found | Not found | Not found | Not found |
 Construct validity | Not found | Not found | Not found | Not found | Not found |
Used in practice | Yes, for payment determination (Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting) [49] | Yes, in Physician Quality Reporting System [49] | Yes, for payment determination (Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting) [49] | Yes, in Physician Quality Reporting System [49] | Not found |