Table 5 Findings from the sensitivity analyses
Quality adjusted life expectancy (QALYs) | Direct healthcare costs (2012/13 Australian dollars) | ICER (Cost per QALY) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention group (n = 47) | Control group (n = 47) | Difference | Intervention group (n = 47) | Control group (n = 47) | Difference | |||
Base-case | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 0.2 (0–0.3) | 59,790 (48,182–71,399) | 63,117 (41,490–84,745) | −3327 (−27,645–20,991) | Dominant | |
Time horizon | Two years | 1.4 (1.3–1.4) | 1.4 (1.3–1.4) | 0.0 (−0.1–0.1) | 16,581 (12,619–20,543) | 20,440 (12,436–28,445) | −3859 (−12,715–4997) | $3859 saved Nil benefit |
Five years | 3.1 (2.9–3.2) | 3.0 (2.8–3.1) | 0.1 (−0.2–0.3) | 36,801 (28,599–45,003) | 41,562 (26,330–56,795) | −4761 (−21,901–12,378) | Dominant | |
15 years | 6.9 (6.2–7.5) | 6.5 (5.8–7.1) | 0.4 (−0.5–1.3) | 85,014 (70,189–99,838) | 85,124 (57,566–112,681) | −110 (−31,111–30,890) | Dominant | |
Discount rate | 0 % | 6.2 (5.8–6.7) | 5.9 (5.5–6.4) | 0.3 (−0.3–0.9) | 73,839 (59,390–88,288) | 78,987 (52,235–105,739) | −5148 (−35,268–24,972) | Dominant |
3 % | 5.4 (5.0–5.7) | 5.2 (4.8–5.5) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.8) | 65,125 (52,499–77,750) | 68,797 (45,334–92,261) | −3673 (−30,070–22,724) | Dominant | |
6 % | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.6) | 56,800 (45,654–67,946) | 60,556 (39,758–81,354) | −3756 (−27,134–19,622) | Dominant | |
Utility scores | Lower limit of 95 % CI | 4.8 (4.5–5.2) | 4.6 (4.3–5.0) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 59,790 (48,182–71,399 | 63,117 (41,490–84,745) | −3327 (−27,645–20,991) | Dominant |
Upper limit of 95 % CI | 4.9 (4.6–5.2) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 59,790 (48,182–71,399 | 63,117 (41,490–84,745) | −3327 (−27,645–20,991) | Dominant | |
Cost of complications | Lower limit of 95 % CI | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 0.2 (0–0.3) | 53,979 (45,646–62,311) | 52,493 (36,526–68,460) | 1485 (−16,285–19,256) | $7425 per QALY |
Upper limit of 95 % CI | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 0.2 (0–0.3) | 66,455 (51,397–81,513) | 74,526 (47,419–101,633) | −8071 (−38,667–22,524) | Dominant | |
Cost – no complications | Lower limit of 95 % CI | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 45,347 (32,674–58,020) | 61,116 (39,199–83,034) | −15,769 (−40,833–9294) | Dominant |
Upper limit of 95 % CI | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | 4.7 (4.4–4.9) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 74,261 (62,640–85,881) | 65,139 (43,796–86,483) | 9121 (−14,951–33,194) | $45,605 per QALY | |
HbA1C | HbA1C maintained for one simulation year | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | 4.7 (4.4–4.9) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 59,931 (48,276–71,586) | 63,214 (41,475–84,953) | −3283 (−27,721–21,155) | Dominant |
HbA1C maintained for two simulation years | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | 4.7 (4.4–4.9) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 59,986 (48,307–71,665) | 62,628 (41,116–84,140) | −2642 (−26,890–21,606) | Dominant | |
HbA1C maintained for five simulation years | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | 4.7 (4.4–4.9) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 60,014 (48,343–71,685) | 62,974 (41,251–84,696) | −2960 (−27,390–21,470) | Dominant | |
Stroke | Nil past history of stroke in either group | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 4.7 (4.3–5.0) | 0.2 (−0.3–0.7) | 59,134 47,497–70,771 | 58,261 (38,557–77,966) | 873 (−21,778–23,523) | $4365 per QALY |