Table 2 Characteristics of the simulated population
Intervention group, n = 47 | Control group, n = 47 | Total, n = 94 | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||||
Ethnicity, n (%) | Caucasian | 46 (98) | 37 (79) | 83 (88) | 0.02 |
Afro-Caribbean | 0 (2) | 2 (4) | 2 (2) | ||
Asian/Indian | 1 (2) | 8 (17) | 9 (10) | ||
Gender, n (%) | Male | 34 (72 %) | 30 (64 %) | 64 (68) | 0.51 |
Female | 13 (28 %) | 17 (36 %) | 30 (32) | ||
Age at diagnosis (years) | 47 (44–50) | 50 (47–53) | 48 (46–51) | 0.13 | |
Diabetes duration (years) | 13 (10–15) | 13 (11–16) | 13 (11–15) | 0.75 | |
Risk factor values at diagnosis of T2DM | |||||
AF, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1.00 | |
Peripheral vascular disease n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 2 (4) | 0.5 | |
Smoking n (%) | Current smoker | 18 (38) | 17 (36) | 35 (37) | 0.57 |
Never smoker | 21 (45) | 25 (53) | 46 (49) | ||
Ex-smoker | 8 (17) | 5 (11) | 13 (14) | ||
Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.1 (3.9–4.4) | 4.5 (4.1–4.9) | 4.3 (4.0–4.5) | 0.15 | |
High density lipoprotein (mmol/l) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.42 | |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (134–145) | 134 (128–140) | 137 (133–141) | 0.13 | |
HbA1c (%) | 8.2 (8.0–9.7) | 8.5 (8.1–8.9) | 8.3 (8.1–8.6) | 0.18 | |
Risk factor values at entry into the model (6 months in the DTCS) | |||||
Smoking, n (%) | Current smoker | 5 (11) | 8 (17) | 13 (14) | 0.3 |
Never smoker | 21 (45) | 25 (53) | 46 (49) | ||
Ex-smoker | 21 (45) | 14 (29) | 35 (37) | ||
Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 4.5 (4.0–4.9) | 4.3 (4.0–4.5) | 0.07 | |
High density lipoprotein (mmol/l) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.12 | |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 (128–138) | 132 (127–138) | 133 (129–136) | 0.9 | |
HbA1C (%) | 7.8 (7.4–8.1) | 8.7 (8.2–9.2) | 8.2 (7.9–8.5) | 0.003 | |
Years since pre-existing event | |||||
CHD (excluding MI) | 0.8 (0.0–1.6) | 1.3 (0.2–2.4) | 1.1 (0.4–1.7) | 0.45 | |
CHF | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.32 | |
Amputation | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 0.4 | |
Blindness | 0.5 (0.0–1.1) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) | 0.15 | |
Renal failure | 0.2 (0.2–0.6) | 0.3 (0.0–0.5) | 0.3 (0.0–0.5) | 0.71 | |
Stroke | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 1.3 (0.2–2.4) | 0.7 (0.1–1.2) | 0.03 | |
MI | 1.2 (0.3–2.2) | 2.7 (0.4–5.0) | 1.9 (0.7–3.2) | 0.25 | |