The convergence of Chinese county government health expenditures: capitation and contribution

Zhang, Guoying; Zhang, Luwen; Wu, Shaolong; Xia, Xiaoqiong; Lu, Liming

doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1635-8

BMC Health Services Research

Table 4 Regression results of β-convergence in three regions of China

From: The convergence of Chinese county government health expenditures: capitation and contribution

Delta Per GHE	Western region				Central region				Eastern region
Delta Per GHE	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Log GHE	−0.0883^c	−0.2370^c	−0.3240^c	−0.5170^c	−0.1290^c	−0.2620^c	−0.4330^c	−0.6220^c	−0.0944^c	−0.2570^c	−0.3530^c	−0.5730^c
Log GHE	(0.0086)	(0.0145)	(0.0154)	(0.0242)	(0.0146)	(0.0231)	(0.0260)	(0.0319)	(0.0091)	(0.0175)	(0.0175)	(0.0286)
Log general revenue		−0.0012		0.0251		0.0381		0.2170^c		0.0949^c		0.1630^c
Log general revenue		(0.0097)		(0.0193)		(0.0204)		(0.0390)		(0.0137)		(0.0240)
Log grants to county government		0.2200^c		0.2870^c		0.2040^c		0.2680^c		0.1780^c		0.2500^c
Log grants to county government		(0.0149)		(0.0252)		(0.0269)		(0.0449)		(0.0169)		(0.0284)
Log Transfer to superior government		−0.0139^c		0.0010		0.0027		−0.0291		−0.0485^c		−0.0673^c
Log Transfer to superior government		(0.0042)		(0.0069)		(0.0106)		(0.0152)		(0.0070)		(0.0130)
Population density		0.000001		0.000001		0.000001		0.000003		0.000002^a		0.000007^c
Population density		0.0000		0.0000		0.0000		0.0000		0.0000		0.0000
Sex ratio		−0.0098		0.0012		−0.0051		0.1800		0.0003		0.2080
Sex ratio		(0.0114)		(0.0131)		(0.0136)		(0.1475)		(0.0083)		(0.1121)
Ratio of non-agriculture population		−0.0021		−0.1780^c		−0.0135		−0.2390^c		−0.0307^a		−0.1980^c
Ratio of non-agriculture population		(0.0123)		(0.0261)		(0.0153)		(0.0360)		(0.0123)		(0.0207)
Constant	0.2410^c	−0.1110^b	0.8940^c	0.4000^c	0.2980^c	−0.1370^a	1.0350^c	0.0182	0.2430^c	−0.1460^c	0.9100^c	0.1230
Constant	(0.0137)	(0.0349)	(0.0234)	(0.0602)	(0.0206)	(0.0632)	(0.0342)	(0.1859)	(0.0143)	(0.0376)	(0.0261)	(0.1345)
N	3156	3156	789	789	1988	1988	497	497	2620	2620	655	655
R-squared	0.0325	0.1017	0.3610	0.4950	0.0381	0.0707	0.3580	0.5098	0.0393	0.0988	0.3850	0.5450

Each column represents a regression based on equation (3) in three regions. Column (1) and (2) tests the short-term β-convergence (k = 1), and Column (3) and (4) tests the long-term β-convergence (k = 4) in three regions. ^a, ^b, ^c is significant at 5 %, 1 %, 0.1 %, respectively. Standard error is in parentheses. Model (1) and (3) are estimated by univariate Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Model (2) and (4) are estimated by multivariate General Least Square (GLS) and OLS method, respectively (Stata software 11). GHE is the abbreviation of government health expenditure

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